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Co-occurring Mental Health Problems and Peer Functioning Among Youth with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Review and Recommendations for Future Research

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Abstract

It is well established that children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently experience co-occurring mental health problems in addition to difficulties in their peer relationships. Although substantial research has focused on the extent to which peer functioning contributes to subsequent co-occurring mental health problems, much less research has considered how co-occurring mental health problems affect peer functioning domains. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to examine the effect of co-occurring mental health problems on the peer functioning of youth with ADHD. The impact of co-occurring externalizing (i.e., oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder) and internalizing (i.e., anxiety, depression) symptoms are reviewed, with a focus on whether these co-occurring symptoms exacerbate, attenuate, or have no effect across peer domains of social skills/competence, peer status, and friendship among youth with ADHD. Drawing from a developmental psychopathology framework, this review then draws attention to relevant causal processes and developmental cascades (including social-cognitive, affective, and family and parenting factors) in offering promising avenues for future work.

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Notes

  1. We are much appreciative of an anonymous reviewer who drew our attention to pertinent studies initially not identified by our search procedures.

  2. As highlighted by others (e.g., Caron and Rutter 1991), it is important to note the distinction between categorical and dimensional approaches to co-occurring mental health symptoms. Although a focus of this issue is beyond the scope of the current paper, careful language is used throughout the text and tables to indicate whether studies used psychiatric diagnoses, clinical cutoffs, or continuous measures of symptomatology.

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Acknowledgments

This article is based upon a paper written by the first author in partial fulfillment of the comprehensive exam requirement at Miami University. The authors would like to thank Carl Paternite, Vaishali Raval, and Robert Burke for their helpful comments on an earlier draft of this article. Appreciation is also extended to Haley Strass and Andrew Flannery for their assistance with the literature search. During completion of this manuscript, the first author was supported in part by the Ohio Department of Mental Health (ODMH Grant 12.1281), and the third author was supported by the Institute of Education Sciences (R305A090059) and the National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH083665). The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not represent views of the funding sources.

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  1. Department of Psychology, Miami University, 90 North Patterson Avenue, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA

    Stephen P. Becker & Aaron M. Luebbe

  2. Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA

    Joshua M. Langberg

  3. Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Joshua M. Langberg

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Correspondence to Stephen P. Becker.

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Becker, S.P., Luebbe, A.M. & Langberg, J.M. Co-occurring Mental Health Problems and Peer Functioning Among Youth with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Review and Recommendations for Future Research. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 15, 279–302 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-012-0122-y

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