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Efficient Solvent Free Knoevenagel Condensation Over Vanadium Containing Heteropolyacid Catalysts

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Abstract

Various V/P mole ratios of vanadium substituted Keggin-type phosphomolybdic acids were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. These materials were characterized using several physico-chemical techniques such as X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, N2-sorption, Raman spectroscopy, 31P MAS NMR, SEM and NH3-TPD. FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy and 31P NMR results confirm the formation of the primary structure of the Keggin ion and its crystalline nature is shown clearly by XRD. NH3-TPD results reveal that the acidity of the materials systematically decreases with increasing vanadium content. The Knoevenagel reaction carried out over vanadium substituted phosphomolybdic acid with various V/P mole ratios indicate that the higher V/P mole ratio exhibits better catalytic performance under solvent free conditions. The catalytic properties correlate with the structural properties and the acidity of the materials.

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Acknowledgments

B Viswanadham thanks to the University of KwaZulu-Natal for the award of the AES Postdoctoral Research Fellowship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Catalysis Research Group, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa

    Balaga Viswanadham, Pedada Jhansi, Holger B. Friedrich & Sooboo Singh

  2. Catalysis Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India

    Komandur V. R. Chary

Authors
  1. Balaga Viswanadham
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  2. Pedada Jhansi
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  3. Komandur V. R. Chary
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  4. Holger B. Friedrich
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  5. Sooboo Singh
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Correspondence to Balaga Viswanadham.

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Viswanadham, B., Jhansi, P., Chary, K.V.R. et al. Efficient Solvent Free Knoevenagel Condensation Over Vanadium Containing Heteropolyacid Catalysts. Catal Lett 146, 364–372 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-015-1646-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-015-1646-9

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