Abstract
We conducted a preliminary passive acoustic survey of the occurrence of freshwater drum, Aplodinotus grunniens, in the New York State Canal System (NYSCS) to demonstrate the usefulness of underwater sound monitoring in invasive species studies. Data from known populations of freshwater drum in Dale Hollow Reservoir and J. Percy Priest Lake in Tennessee and Lake Champlain in New York were used to validate freshwater drum call characteristics. Similar to more well studied marine members of the Sciaenidae, freshwater drum calls are composed of highly variable trains of 1–119 knocks call−1 (mean = 25 knocks call−1), a mean knock period of 33 knocks s−1, mean peak frequency of 400 Hz, and mean duration of 0.8 s. The occurrence of drum chorus calls at many locations within the NYSCS indicates likely spawning throughout the system, and suggests the possibility that individuals have invaded the Hudson River from native populations of Lake Champlain, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario. We point out that the species has been excluded from the east coast of North America throughout history by geographic barriers, and it would have been impossible for the species to gain entrance to the Hudson without the NYSCS, or direct introduction, and thus it is a true invasive which will likely have a dramatic impact on the Hudson River ecosystem. We suggest that freshwater drum most likely also invaded Lakes Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga and Seneca through the NYSCS. We conclude that passive acoustic surveys are a highly effective non-invasive tool to monitor the distribution of soniferous invasive organisms in aquatic systems, and promise to be especially useful in documenting the future spread of freshwater drum in the Hudson River system.
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Acknowledgements
Kieran Cox provided the map used in Fig. 1. Original Hudson River recordings were provided by Katie Burchard (nee Anderson). We would like to thank numerous fishing guides and fishermen who provided information on freshwater drum distribution in the region. Fisherman Chris Paddock helped us validate drum sounds by catching an adult specimen during our recording in Lake Champlain. Ralph Sandfer guided us to freshwater drum locations in Dale Hollow Reservoir. Sara Rountree assisted in the field. Douglas Carlson, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, provided historic distribution records and insightful early discussions on the Hudson River drum invasion.
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Online resource 1. Field photograph of acoustic recording system used during the August 1-2 roving survey (Photo Credit Rodney Rountree) (JPEG 2213 kb)
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Online resource 2. Field photograph of Dr. Rountree listening for freshwater drum on 1 August 2013 at the Seneca Canal Lock No. 4 in Waterloo, New York (Photo Credit Sara Rountree) (JPEG 2190 kb)
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Online resource 3. Field photograph of Dr. Rountree listening for freshwater drum on 2 August 2013 at the Oswego Canal Lock No. 3 in Futon, New York (Photo Credit Sara Rountree) (JPEG 2175 kb)
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Online resource 4. Freshwater drum sound clip isolated from a chorus recorded in Dale Hollow Reservoir, Tennessee, 1 September 2009, and used in Fig. 2a (the sound has been amplified for optimal listening) (WAV 105 kb)
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Online resource 5. Freshwater drum sound clip recorded on 16 July 2010 from Champlain Lock No. C7 in Fort Edwards, New York, and used in Fig. 2b (the sound has been amplified for optimal listening) (WAV 223 kb)
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Online resource 6. Freshwater drum disturbance/aggressive call recorded on 9 September 2003 at Tivoli Bay on the Hudson River, New York, and used in Fig. 2c (the sound has been amplified for optimal listening) (WAV 52 kb)
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Online resource 7. Example of freshwater drum chorus calls recorded on 1 August 2013 from the Seneca Canal Lock S3, Seneca Falls, New York and used in Fig. 4 (the sound has been amplified for optimal listening) (WAV 1406 kb)
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Rountree, R.A., Juanes, F. Potential of passive acoustic recording for monitoring invasive species: freshwater drum invasion of the Hudson River via the New York canal system. Biol Invasions 19, 2075–2088 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-017-1419-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-017-1419-z