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Spillover but no spillback of two invasive parasitic copepods from invasive Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) to native bivalve hosts

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Abstract

Invasive species can cause indirect effects on native biota by modifying parasite-host interactions and disease occurrence in native species. This study investigated the role of the invasive Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) in potential spillover (co-introduced parasites infect native hosts) and spillback (native or established parasites infect invasive hosts and re-infect native hosts) scenarios of recently introduced (Mytilicola orientalis) and previously established (Mytilicola intestinalis) marine parasitic copepods in two regions in northern Europe, the Dutch Delta and the Wadden Sea. By examining 3416 individuals of 11 potential host species from sympatric host populations, we found that the recently introduced parasite M. orientalis does not only infect its principal host, the invasive Pacific oyster (prevalence at infected sites 2–43 %, mean intensity 4.1 ± 0.6 SE), but also native blue mussels (Mytilus edulis; 3–63 %, 2.1 ± 0.2), common cockles (Cerastoderma edule; 2–13 %, 1.2 ± 0.3) and Baltic tellins (Macoma balthica; 6–7 %, 1.0 ± 0), confirming a spillover effect. Spillback effects were not observed as the previously established M. intestinalis was exclusively found in blue mussels (prevalence at infected locations 3–72 %, mean intensity 2.4 ± 0.3 SE). The high frequency of M. orientalis spillover, in particular to native mussels, suggests that Pacific oysters may cause strong parasite-mediated indirect impacts on native bivalve populations.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) and the German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) for funding (bilateral NWO-ZKO project 839.11.002). Anne-Karin Schuster thanks the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) for financial support. We are grateful to Anneke Bol for help with the molecular analysis and Rob Dekker, Jarco Havermans, Reinier Nauta, Simone Muck and Jennifer Welsh for their support with field work and Carola van Zweeden and Ad van Gool for the provision of samples. We also thank Karsten Reise for his fruitful comments that improved the manuscript. Finally, we appreciate the feedback of the three anonymous reviewers that helped to improve the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Coastal Systems and Utrecht University, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB, Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands

    M. Anouk Goedknegt, Anne-Karin Schuster, A. Sarina Jung, Pieternella C. Luttikhuizen, Jaap van der Meer & David W. Thieltges

  2. Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau, Germany

    Anne-Karin Schuster & René Gergs

  3. Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Alfred Wegener Institute, Wadden Sea Station Sylt, Hafenstrasse 43, 25992, List/Sylt, Germany

    Christian Buschbaum & K. Mathias Wegner

  4. IMARES Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 77, 4400 AB, Yerseke, The Netherlands

    Karin Troost

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  1. M. Anouk Goedknegt
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Goedknegt, M.A., Schuster, AK., Buschbaum, C. et al. Spillover but no spillback of two invasive parasitic copepods from invasive Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) to native bivalve hosts. Biol Invasions 19, 365–379 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-016-1285-0

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