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Problems of using pines in Tuber melanosporum culture: soils and truffle harvest associated with Pinus nigra and P. sylvestris

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Abstract

In Mediterranean pine forests, truffles and mushrooms generate greater profits than any other woodland products. However, there are no studies on Tuber melanosporum Vittad. associated with pines. For this reason, we have carried out a study of this truffle in mountain woods with Pinus sylvestris L. and P. nigra Arnold subsp. salzmannii (Dunal) Franco, in central Spain. Two hundred and eight Tuber melanosporum burns were monitored for 7 years in five different habitats within the same geographical area. An ANOVA test confirmed significant differences in carpophore production. In higher producing habitats, pines were less abundant. We also confirmed that in 433 burns, T. melanosporum was always unequivocally associated with the root base of Quercus or Corylus trees. Similarly, 14 truffle collectors confirmed that they had never found a single burn with carpophore production associated exclusively with pines. Nevertheless, soil analyses indicated that the soil of these pine woods was very favourable to Tuber melanosporum. We therefore conclude that at present Pinus nigra salzmannii and P. sylvestris are of little interest to Tuber melanosporum culture, as they hinder carpophore production. However, this study has also confirmed that Pinus nigra salzmannii and P. sylvestris mycorrhize easily with Tuber melanosporum, both in the laboratory and in natural environments. On this basis, we propose that pines may act as transmitters of T. melanosporum, although they do not induce fruiting. As a result, the commercial cultivation of Pinus nigra salzmannii and P. sylvestris seedlings mycorrhized with Tuber melanosporum is not recommended in truffle culture at the present time.

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Acknowledgments

This study was financed by grants from the I.N.I.A. Project SC94-129 (1994–1996) (Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria) and this article forms part of an agreement signed between the I.T.D.A. and the Instituto Madrileño de Investigaciones Agrarias (I.M.I.A.) entitled “Estudio ecológico y edáfico preliminar de hábitats ibéricos de la trufa negra en relación con el cultivo del I.T.D.A.” and the Project FP-01-41 of I.M.I.A. research project, granted in 2001. The authors wish to especially thank Domingo hijo, Domingo padre, Toño, Emilio, Justo, Abel, Pepe, Jose María, Gonzalo, and the other truffle collectors, and all people and Council of Peralejos de las Truchas for their invaluable contribution to this study. We thank Natural Park of Alto Tajo Institution. We thank Margarita, Luis, Pura, Mattia Bencivenga, Julio Álvarez for their support, collaboration, and for providing their expert knowledge

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Forestry Engineering, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), E.T.S. Ingenieros de Montes, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain

    L. G. García-Montero

  2. Department of Plant Biology, University of Alcalá, Crtra. Barcelona Km 33, Alcalá de Henares, 28870, Spain

    J. L. Manjón

  3. Department of Rural Economy, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), E.T.S. Ingenieros de Montes, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain

    S. Martín-Fernández

  4. Department di Biologia Vegetale e Biotecnologie Agroambientali, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, Perugia, 06121, Italy

    G. Di Massimo

Authors
  1. L. G. García-Montero
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  2. J. L. Manjón
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  3. S. Martín-Fernández
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  4. G. Di Massimo
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Correspondence to L. G. García-Montero.

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García-Montero, L.G., Manjón, J.L., Martín-Fernández, S. et al. Problems of using pines in Tuber melanosporum culture: soils and truffle harvest associated with Pinus nigra and P. sylvestris . Agroforest Syst 70, 243–249 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-007-9052-y

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