1 Retraction to: Acta Biotheoretica (2019) 67:225–251 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10441-019-09349-9

The authors have retracted this article (Chen et al. 2019) because they found a fundamental mistake in the methodology that is not correctable at this time. This mistake is found in the methodology and the derivation of the model with Tukey and Huber’s losses. Because of the error, the findings in the article are not reliable. All authors agree to this retraction.