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Comparison of Air-Assisted, Vortex-Assisted and Ultrasound-Assisted Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for the Determination of BTEX Compounds in Water Samples Prior to GC-FID Analysis

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Abstract

Three new dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) methods, air-assisted (AA-DLLME), vortex-assisted (VA-DLLME) and ultrasound-assisted (UA-DLLME), were compared from the point of view of their analytical application for preconcentration of trace amounts of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene isomers (BTEX) in water samples. In all of these methods, no dispersive solvent is required and dispersion of extractant is carried out by air bubbles, vortex and ultrasound for AA-DLLEM, VA-DLLME, and UA-DLLME, respectively. Advantages and disadvantages of these three liquid phase microextraction methods and their capability in dispersion of a similar extractant phase in sample solutions were comprehensively compared. All other extraction parameters, which have an influence on the microextraction, were also investigated and optimized. Under optimized conditions, analytical figures of merit for the three techniques were determined and compared. It was found that the limit of detection of the three methods is almost the same, while AA-DLLME has a wider linear dynamic range and the shortest analysis time. Enrichment factors of 182, 45 and 245 were achieved for AA-DLLEM, VA-DLLME, and UA-DLLME, respectively.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the University of Sistan and Baluchestan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, 98135-674, Iran

    Mashaallah Rahmani, Massoud Kaykhaii, Zahra Safari, Ommolbanin Ansari & Shahrzad Jaberi Nasab

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  1. Mashaallah Rahmani
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  2. Massoud Kaykhaii
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  3. Zahra Safari
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  4. Ommolbanin Ansari
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  5. Shahrzad Jaberi Nasab
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Correspondence to Mashaallah Rahmani.

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Rahmani, M., Kaykhaii, M., Safari, Z. et al. Comparison of Air-Assisted, Vortex-Assisted and Ultrasound-Assisted Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for the Determination of BTEX Compounds in Water Samples Prior to GC-FID Analysis. Chromatographia 80, 109–117 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-016-3216-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-016-3216-8

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