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Determination of Acrylamide and Acrolein in Smoke from Tobacco and E-Cigarettes

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Abstract

Acrylamide and acrolein are two short-chained hazardous compounds with neurotoxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic effects. The aim of this paper is to describe a fast and simple procedure for simultaneous determination of both acrylamide and acrolein under standard conditions, suggest a suitable calibration protocol for custom analysis, and demonstrate its applicability to the analysis of gaseous products from, e.g., cigarettes, cigars, or electronic cigarettes. A gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method was developed to quantify acrylamide and acrolein in smoke vapor from electronic cigarettes, tobacco cigarettes, and cigars. Nonionic and highly polar molecules with a low boiling point and molecular mass need a suitable derivatization method to achieve appropriate retention and selectivity on commonly used relatively nonpolar stationary phases and to enhance the molecular mass for easy MS detection. The derivatization of acrylamide and acrolein was carried out by a bromination method with elemental bromine. The dibromo derivatives were extracted into an organic solvent and following a dehydrobromination procedure the samples were injected into the GC–MS system. Important experimental parameters were varied, after which the bromination time was defined as 30 min, and the injector temperature and the starting temperature of gradient were set at 280 and 50 °C respectively. Acrolein was found in all tested samples, while acrylamide was detected only in smoke from normal tobacco. Possible mechanisms for the formation of these unsaturated compounds in the samples are discussed. After its validation the newly developed method was successfully and reliably applied to the analysis of both compounds. This short method provides an easy way to determine acrylamide and acrolein in gaseous samples.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Operational Programs “Research and Development for Innovations” and “Education for Competitiveness” (CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0058 and CZ.1.07/2.3.00/30.0041), Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (P206/12/1150) and Palacky University in Olomouc (IGA_PrF_2014031).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic

    Roman Papoušek, Zoltán Pataj, Petra Nováková, Karel Lemr & Petr Barták

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  1. Roman Papoušek
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  2. Zoltán Pataj
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  3. Petra Nováková
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Correspondence to Roman Papoušek.

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Published in the special paper collection 9th Balaton Symposium on High-Performance Separations Methods with guest editor Attila Felinger.

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Papoušek, R., Pataj, Z., Nováková, P. et al. Determination of Acrylamide and Acrolein in Smoke from Tobacco and E-Cigarettes. Chromatographia 77, 1145–1151 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-014-2729-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-014-2729-2

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