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Structure, function, and evolution of plant NIMA-related kinases: implication for phosphorylation-dependent microtubule regulation

  • Current Topics in Plant Research
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Abstract

Microtubules are highly dynamic structures that control the spatiotemporal pattern of cell growth and division. Microtubule dynamics are regulated by reversible protein phosphorylation involving both protein kinases and phosphatases. Never in mitosis A (NIMA)-related kinases (NEKs) are a family of serine/threonine kinases that regulate microtubule-related mitotic events in fungi and animal cells (e.g. centrosome separation and spindle formation). Although plants contain multiple members of the NEK family, their functions remain elusive. Recent studies revealed that NEK6 of Arabidopsis thaliana regulates cell expansion and morphogenesis through β-tubulin phosphorylation and microtubule destabilization. In addition, plant NEK members participate in organ development and stress responses. The present phylogenetic analysis indicates that plant NEK genes are diverged from a single NEK6-like gene, which may share a common ancestor with other kinases involved in the control of microtubule organization. On the contrary, another mitotic kinase, polo-like kinase, might have been lost during the evolution of land plants. We propose that plant NEK members have acquired novel functions to regulate cell growth, microtubule organization, and stress responses.

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Acknowledgments

We are most grateful to the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) in Japan for Grants in Aid for Scientific Research (22770043, 23119513, 25119715, 25440137 and 26113516) and to the Ryobi Teien Memory Foundation for the grant. It is also a pleasure to thank Prof. Hirokazu Tsukaya for critical reading of our manuscript and Dr. Kimitsune Ishizaki and Prof. Takayuki Kohchi for the sequence information of MpNEK1.

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  1. Division of Bioscience, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushimanaka 3-1-1, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan

    Shogo Takatani, Kento Otani, Taku Takahashi & Hiroyasu Motose

  2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Tsushimanaka 3-1-1, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan

    Mai Kanazawa, Taku Takahashi & Hiroyasu Motose

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  1. Shogo Takatani
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  2. Kento Otani
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  3. Mai Kanazawa
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Correspondence to Hiroyasu Motose.

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10265_2015_751_MOESM1_ESM.tif

Alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences of NEKs. a-b The activation loop (a) and the flanking sequences of inhibitory Tyr (b) within the kinase domain. c Plant NEK C-terminal motif. P-site is phosphorylation site (TIFF 8681 kb)

Phylogenetic tree of plant NEKs and other protein kinase family using SALAD database (TIFF 54034 kb)

Supplementary material 3 (DOCX 12 kb)

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Takatani, S., Otani, K., Kanazawa, M. et al. Structure, function, and evolution of plant NIMA-related kinases: implication for phosphorylation-dependent microtubule regulation. J Plant Res 128, 875–891 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-015-0751-6

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