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Phylogeography and genetic structure of disjunct Salix arbutifolia populations in Japan

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Population Ecology

Abstract

Disjunct geographic distributions of boreal plant species at the southern edges of their ranges are expected to result in low genetic diversity and high genetic differentiation in the disjunct populations. This prediction was tested in a riparian willow, Salix arbutifolia, distributed in the northeastern Eurasian continent and the Sakhalin, Hokkaido, and Honshu Islands, using chloroplast DNA haplotypes and nuclear microsatellite genotypes. Hokkaido and Honshu populations shared a chloroplast haplotype identical to a closely related species, S. cardiophylla. This haplotype was divergent from haplotypes in the Eurasian continent (Primorsky) and the Sakhalin Island. In the nuclear microsatellites, most Hokkaido populations were genetically closer to Primorsky populations than to Sakhalin populations in spite of the geographical vicinity between Sakhalin and Hokkaido. The unexpected genetic divergence between Sakhalin and Hokkaido implies a complicated history of migration and colonization. The most peripheral populations in Honshu had the lowest genetic diversity and were most differentiated from the others. Thus, low genetic diversity and high genetic differentiation at the range periphery suggest substantial effects of genetic drift on genetic structure in the disjunct populations of Salix arbutifolia at the southern edge of its range.

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Acknowledgments

The Nagano Nature Conservation Office in the Chubusangaku National Park, the Chushin Branch of the Chubu National Forest Office, allowed us to sample materials. We thank Keiko Kitamura for sampling in Kamchatka. We also thank Noriyuki Fujii and Nobuhiro Tomaru for providing comments on the earlier versions of our manuscript. This study was supported by MESSC Grant-in Aid 16770020 to Teruyoshi Nagamitsu.

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  1. Takeshi Hoshikawa

    Present address: Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Negata 2542-8, Hamamatsu, 434-0016, Japan

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Tsukuba, 305-8687, Japan

    Teruyoshi Nagamitsu

  2. Shikoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Kochi, 780-8077, Japan

    Takayuki Kawahara

  3. Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan

    Takeshi Hoshikawa

  4. Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia

    Vyacheslav Yu. Barkalov

  5. Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 693022, Russia

    Renat N. Sabirov

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  1. Teruyoshi Nagamitsu
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Correspondence to Teruyoshi Nagamitsu.

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Nagamitsu, T., Hoshikawa, T., Kawahara, T. et al. Phylogeography and genetic structure of disjunct Salix arbutifolia populations in Japan. Popul Ecol 56, 539–549 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10144-014-0434-5

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