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Polymetallic pollution from abandoned mines in Mediterranean regions: a multidisciplinary approach to environmental risks

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Abstract

Abandoned mines are a recurrent problem for nearby communities in Mediterranean regions because mine tailings represent a major source of polymetallic contamination. Metal contaminants are emitted in mining areas and dispersed by wind and water erosion in the surroundings. The goal of this literature review was to identify the specific features of polymetallic contamination arising from abandoned mines in the Mediterranean regions. Mediterranean climate conditions and local geochemical context are the most important factors that control the metal-bearing particle dispersion toward the different compartments of ecosystems. Acid mine drainage, as an important source of damage to the environment, is limited to a certain extent by the predominance of carbonate rocks in the Mediterranean regions. In opposite, aeolian contamination is specific to the semiarid conditions of the Mediterranean climate. In this context, impacts on different compartments such as agricultural soils and edible plants or human populations were underlined. The analysis of environmental laws and regulations of North and South Mediterranean countries shows that one of the main differences is the lack of identification and definition of mining waste as a public concern in the latter countries. In order to limit the transfer of contaminants from mining waste to the different components of the environment, phytostabilization of mine tailings was considered as the more adapted green technology even in the Mediterranean region where water access is limited. Finally, this review of polymetallic pollution from abandoned mines in Mediterranean regions enabled to identify priority actions for future research.

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Notes

  1. In certain cases, it is impossible to identify the companies who own a mining site and who are consequently responsible for the contamination caused by a mine. In Northern Mediterranean countries, these abandoned “orphan sites” are generally taken over by the State. In Southern Mediterranean countries, they are generally ignored or forgotten.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the French MISTRALS-SICMED program (Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales en MEDiterranée/Continental Surfaces and Interfaces in the Mediterranean Area – www.sicmed.net/) for financial and logistic support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, UM), 2 place Viala, 34060, Montpellier Cedex 2, France

    Patrick Doumas

  2. Laboratoire Geosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi Pyrénées, Université de Toulouse-CNRS-IRD, 14 avenue Edouard Belin, 31400, Toulouse, France

    Marguerite Munoz & Sylvia Becerra

  3. Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Toxicologie de l’Environnement, Institut Supérieur Agronomique, Chott-Mariem, 4042, Sousse, Tunisia

    Mohamed Banni

  4. Laboratoire HydroSciences Montpellier (HSM), UMR 5569 (CNRS, UM, IRD), Place Eugène Bataillon, CC MSE, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France

    Odile Bruneel, Corinne Casiot & Jacques Gardon

  5. INRA, UMR LSTM, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier, France

    Jean-Claude Cleyet-Marel

  6. Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, CEREGE UM34, 13545, Aix En Provence, France

    Yves Noack

  7. INRA, UMR 1391 ISPA, 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032, 33140, Villenave d’Ornon, France

    Valérie Sappin-Didier

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  1. Patrick Doumas
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  2. Marguerite Munoz
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Doumas, P., Munoz, M., Banni, M. et al. Polymetallic pollution from abandoned mines in Mediterranean regions: a multidisciplinary approach to environmental risks. Reg Environ Change 18, 677–692 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-016-0939-x

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