Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

The increase of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in Parkinson’s disease

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Neurological Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The role of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) has not been previously investigated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the serum level of carcinoembryonic antigen, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) among patients with Parkinson’s disease and to examine the relationship between these inflammatory markers. The cross-sectional design includes 51 patients with Parkinson’s disease and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. We investigated the differences in hs-CRP, CEA, and NLR levels between these two groups. CEA was significantly higher in PD patients relative to the control group (mean 2.40 ± 1.51 vs. 1.72 ± 0.87 (ng/mL), respectively; p = 0.015). Mean NLR was significantly higher in PD patients relative to the control group (mean 3.1 ± 1.3 vs. 2.1 ± 0.32, respectively; p < 0.001). Serum level of hs-CRP was higher in PD patients than in control group (mean 1.04 ± 0.62 and 0.54 ± 0.31, respectively; p < 0.01). Correlation analysis revealed significant correlation between hs-CRP, CEA, and Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (p < 0.05). This study demonstrates for the first time the association between CEA, hs-CRP, NLR, and PD. We found CEA, hs-CRP, and NLR levels to be significantly higher in the PD patients than in the normal controls.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Tolosa E, Wenning G, Poewe W (2006) The diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease. Lancet Neurol 5:75–86

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Hwang Onyou (2013) Role of oxidative stress in Parkinson’s disease. Exp Neurobiol 22(1):11–17

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. McGeer PL, Itagaki S, Boyes BE, McGeer EG (1988) Reactive microglia are positive for HLA-DR in the substantia nigra of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease brains. Neurology 38:1285–1291

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Chen H, Zhang SM, Hernan MA, Schwarzschild MA, Willett WC et al (2003) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk of Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol 60:1059–1064

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Devos David, Lebouvier Thibaud, Lardeux Bernard, Biraud Mandy (2013) Colonic inflammation in Parkinson’s disease. Neurobiol Dis 50:42–48

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Villaran RF, Espinosa-Oliva AM, Sarmiento M, De Pablos RM, Arguelles S et al (2010) Ulcerative colitis exacerbates lipopolysaccharide- induced damage to the nigral dopaminergic system: potential riskin Parkinson’s disease. J Neurochem 114:1687–1700

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Shannon KM, Keshavarzian A, Mutlu E, Dodiya HB, Daian D, Jaglin JA, Kordower JH (2012) Alpha-synuclein in colonic submucosa in early untreated Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. doi:10.1002/mds.23828

    Google Scholar 

  8. Ruibal Morell A (1992) CEA serum levels in non-neoplastic disease. Int J Biol Markers 7:160–166

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Ishizaka N, Ishizaka Y, Toda E, Koike K, Yamakado Nagai R (2008) Are serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels associated with carotid atherosclerosis in Japanese men? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 28(1):160–165

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Szekanecz Eva, Sandor Zsuzsa, Anatalszalmas Peter (2007) Increased production of the soluble tumor-associated antigens CA19–9, CA125, and CA15–3 in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Potential adhesion molecules in synovial inflammation? Ann N Y Acad Sci 1408:359–371

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Gokhan S, Ozhasenekler A, Mansur Durgun H, Akil E, Ustundag M, Orak M (2013) Neutrophil lymphocyte ratios in stroke subtypes and transient ischemic attack. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 17:653–657

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Hughes AJ, Daniel SE, Kilford L, Lees AJ (1992) Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. A clinico-pathological study of 100 cases. JNNP 55:181–184

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Hoehn MM, Yahr MD (1967) Parkinsonism: onset, progression and mortality. Neurology 17:427–442

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Koprich JB, Reske-Nielsen C, Mithal P, Isacson O (2008) Neuroinflammation mediated by IL-1beta increases susceptibility of dopamine neurons to degeneration in an animal model of Parkinson’s disease. J Neuroinflammation. doi:10.1186/1742-2094-5-8

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Scalzo P, Kummer A, Cardoso F, Teixeira AL (2009) Increased serum levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptor-1 in patients with Parkinson’s disease. J Neuroimmunol 216(1–2):122–125

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Song I-U, Kim Y-D, Cho H-J (2013) Is neuroinflammation involved in the development of dementia in patients with Parkinson’s disease? Intern Med 52:1787–1792

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Mosley RL, Hutter-Saunders JA, Stone DK, Gendelman HE (2012) Inflammation and adaptive immunity in Parkinson’s disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2(1):a009381

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Benarroch EE (2007) Enteric nervous system: functional organization and neurologic implications. Neurology 69:1953–1957

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Isaacson P (1976) Tissue demonstration of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in ulcerative colitis. Gut 17:561–566

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Cristina V, Lorenza P, Rudina N et al (2010) Carcinoembryonic antigen concentrations in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Clin Chem Lab Med 48(9):1339–1343

    Google Scholar 

  21. Bae U, Shim JY, Lee HR, Shin JY (2013) Serum carcinoembryonic antigen level is associated with arterial stiffness in healthy Korean adult Clinica. Chimica Acta 415:286–289

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Ganguly A, Yeltsin E, Robbins J (2003) Identification of a carcinoembryonic antigen binding protein on monocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 311:319–323

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Aarons CB, Bajenova O, Andrews C, Heydrick S, Bushell KN, Reed KL et al (2007) Carcinoembryonic antigen-stimulated THP-1 macrophages activate endothelial cells and increase cell–cell adhesion of colorectal cancer cells. Clin Exp Metastasis 24:201–209

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Alexiou D, Karayiannakis AJ, Syrigos KN, Zbar A, Kremmyda A, Bramis I (2001) Serum levels of E-selectin, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in colorectal cancer patients correlations with clinicopathological features, patient survival and tumour surgery. Eur J Cancer 37(18):2392–2397

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Ozdemir Y, Akin ML, Sucullu I, Balta AZ, Yucel E (2014) Pretreatment neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic aid in colorectal cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 15(6):2647–2650

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Mancinella A, Mancinella M, Carpinteri G et al (2009) Is there a relationship between high C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and dementia. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 49(Suppl 1):185–194

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Dicle University DUBAP for their sponsorship about English editing of this manuscript.

Conflict of interest

None.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, 21280, Diyarbakir, Turkey

    Eşref Akıl, Hasan Hüseyin Özdemir, Demet Arslan & Mehmet Ufuk Aluçlu

  2. Department of Neurology, Special EGM Hayat Hospital, Malatya, Turkey

    Aslıhan Bulut

  3. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey

    İbrahim Kaplan

Authors
  1. Eşref Akıl
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Aslıhan Bulut
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. İbrahim Kaplan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Hasan Hüseyin Özdemir
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Demet Arslan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Mehmet Ufuk Aluçlu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eşref Akıl.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Akıl, E., Bulut, A., Kaplan, İ. et al. The increase of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in Parkinson’s disease. Neurol Sci 36, 423–428 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-014-1976-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-014-1976-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation