Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of heat treatment on electrochromic properties of TiO2 thin films

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Electrochromic titanium oxide (TiO2) films were deposited on ITO/glass substrates by chemical solution deposition (CSD). The stock solutions were spin-coated onto substrates and then heated at various temperatures (200–500 °C) in various oxygen concentrations (0–80%) for 10 min. The effects of the processing parameters on the electrochromic properties of TiO2 films were investigated. X-ray diffraction measurements demonstrated that the amorphous TiO2 films were crystallized to form anatase films above 400 °C. The electrochromic properties and transmittance of TiO2 films were measured in 1 M LiClO4–propylene carbonate (PC) non-aqueous electrolyte. An amorphous 350 nm-thick TiO2 film that was heated at 300°C in 60% ambient oxygen exhibited the maximum transmittance variation (ΔT%), 14.2%, between the bleached state and the colored state, with a ΔOD of 0.087, Q of 10.9 mC/cm2, η of 7.98 cm2/C and x in Li x ClO4 of 0.076 at a wavelength (λ) of 550 nm.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Regan BO, Gratzel M (1991) Nature 353:373

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Huang SY, Kavan L, Gratzel M, Exnar I (1995) J Electrochem Soc 142:142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Wang Z, Hu X (1999) Thin Solid Films 352:62

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Deb SK (1973) Philos Mag 27:801

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Granqvist CG (1995) Handbook of inorganic electrochromic materials. Elsevier, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  6. Weinberger R, Garber RB (1995) Appl Phys Lett 66:2409

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Manno D, Micocci G, Rella R, Serra A, Taurino A, Tepore A (1997) J Appl Phys 82:54

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Granqvist CG (1991) Appl Phys 52:83

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Ohtsuka T, Masuda M, Sato N (1987) J Electrochem Soc 134:2406

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Dinh NN, Oanh NTT, Long PD, Bernard MC, Goff AH-L (2003) Thin Solid Films 423:70

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Lu W, Feng L, Cao G, Jiao Z (2004) J Mater Sci 39:3523

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Hoffmann S, Waser R (1999) J European Ceram Soc 19:1339

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Kao MC, Chen HZ, Wang CM, Chen YC, Lee MS (2004) Appl Phys A 79:103

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Hsieh PT, Chen YC, Wang CM, Tsai YZ, Hu CC (2006) Appl Phys A 84:345

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Chao HE, Yun YU, Xingfang HU, Larbot A (2003) J Eur Ceram Soc 23:1457

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Sen S, Mahanty S, Roy S, Heintz O, Bourgeois S, Chaumont D (2005) Thin Solid Films 474:245

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Natarajan C, Nogami G (1996) J Electrochem Soc 143:1549

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Tu YL, Milne SJ (1995) J Mater Sci 30:2507

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Ozer N (1992) Thin Solid Films 214:17

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Wang CM, Lin SY (2006) J Solid State Electrochem 10:255

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. He JL, Chiu MC (2000) Surf Coat Tech 127:43

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Hutchins MG, Kamel NA, Abdel-Hady K (1998) Vacuum 51:433

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Anwar M, Hogarth CA (1988) Phys Stat Sol 109:469

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Gorenstein A, Scarminio J, Lourenco A (1996) Solid State Ion 86–88:977

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Rougier A, Portemer F, Quede A, Marssi ME (1999) Appl Surf Sci 153:1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Papaefthimiou S, Leftheriotis G, Yianoulis P (2000) Electrochem Acta 46:2145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Wang Z, Hu X (2001) Electrochim Acta 46:1951

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Wang CM, Lin SY, Chen YC (2007) J Phys Chem Solids (in press)

Download references

Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the National Science Council of the Republic of China, Taiwan under contract no. NSC 94-2622-E-230-004-CC3.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, No.70, Lien Hai Rd., Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan, Republic of China

    Shih-Yuan Lin & Ying-Chung Chen

  2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Cheng Shiu University, No. 840, Chengcing Rd., Niaosong Township, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan, Republic of China

    Chih-Ming Wang & Chan-Chih Liu

Authors
  1. Shih-Yuan Lin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ying-Chung Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Chih-Ming Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Chan-Chih Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ying-Chung Chen.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Lin, SY., Chen, YC., Wang, CM. et al. Effect of heat treatment on electrochromic properties of TiO2 thin films. J Solid State Electrochem 12, 1481–1486 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-007-0502-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-007-0502-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation