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Britholite-group minerals as sensitive indicators of changing fluid composition during pegmatite formation: evidence from the Keivy alkaline province, Kola peninsula, NW Russia

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Abstract

The Keivy alkaline province, Kola Peninsula, NW Russia, consists of vast alkali granite massifs and several dike-like nepheline syenite bodies. It contains numerous rare-metal occurrences, formed by a complex sequence of magmatic, late-magmatic and post-magmatic (including pegmatitic) processes. The Sakharjok nepheline syenite pegmatite contains a remarkably diverse number of britholite group minerals, pointing to different physico-chemical conditions in the fluid. REE and actinides distribution in the host rock indicates that the late-magmatic (and pegmatitic) fluids were alkaline, with significant amounts of F and CO2. From REE and F variations of the britholite group minerals possible fluid compositions at different stages are suggested. The earliest fluorbritholite-(Ce) formed locally from a late magmatic, high temperature F-rich fluid. Fluorbritholite-(Y) presumably crystallized from a F-bearing and CO2-rich fluid; marked F saturation resulted in precipitation of abundant fluorite due to a temperature drop. Variations in REE and F contents in the most abundant fluorcalciobritholite indicate a successive decrease of F in the fluid during its evolution. The relationship between intergrown fluorapatite and fluorcalciobritholite and the presence of zones with a REE-rich fluorapatite between them indicate a continuous to sudden crystallization in this mineral sequence. The сrystallization of the latest “calciobritholite” is related to the input into the fluid of CO2 and/or H2O.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Silvio Vlach, an anonymous referee and Ray Macdonald (Guest Editor) for very helpful reviews. The study was supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant no. 16-05-00427) and Russian government grant 0231-2015-0009.

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  1. Geological Institute, Kola Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 184209, Apatity, Russia

    Dmitry R. Zozulya, Lyudmila M. Lyalina & Yevgeny E. Savchenko

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  1. Dmitry R. Zozulya
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  2. Lyudmila M. Lyalina
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Correspondence to Dmitry R. Zozulya.

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Zozulya, D.R., Lyalina, L.M. & Savchenko, Y.E. Britholite-group minerals as sensitive indicators of changing fluid composition during pegmatite formation: evidence from the Keivy alkaline province, Kola peninsula, NW Russia. Miner Petrol 111, 511–522 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-017-0493-3

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