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Melting, fluid migration and fluid-rock interactions in the lower crust beneath the Bakony-Balaton Highland volcanic field: a silicate melt and fluid inclusion study

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Abstract

Plio-Pleistocene alkali basalt hosted mafic garnet granulite xenoliths were studied from the Bakony-Balaton Highland Volcanic Field (BBHVF) to trace fluid-melt-rock interactions in the lower crust. Two unique mafic garnet granulite samples were selected for analyses (optical microscopy, microthermometry, electron microprobe, Raman and IR spectroscopy), which contain a clinopyroxene-plagioclase vein and patches with primary silicate melt inclusions (SMI). The samples have non-equilibrium microtexture in contrast with the overwhelming majority of previously studied mafic garnet granulite xenoliths. Primary silicate-melt inclusions were observed in plagioclase, clinopyroxene and ilmenite in both xenoliths. The SMI-bearing minerals located randomly in Mi26 and in a clinopyroxene-plagioclase vein on the edge of Sab38 granulites. Petrography and the fluid and melt inclusion study suggest that at least three fluid events occurred in the deep crust represented by these xenoliths. 1. Primary CO2-dominated ± CO ± H2S fluid inclusions were observed in the wall-rock part of Sab38 xenolith. 2. The crystallization of new clinopyroxene from melt, with CO2 + H2O fluid. 3. The crystallization of new plagioclase occurred in a heterogeneous fluid-melt system with additional N2 and CH4 during crystallization. A local reaction was observed between sphene and acidic melt, which formed ilmenite + clinopyroxene + plagioclase ± orthopyroxene. The ‘water’ content of the rock forming minerals was determined by infrared spectroscopy. The calculated bulk ‘water’ content of the Mi26 xenolith is 171 ± 51 ppm wt. %. The bulk wall rock part of the Sab38 granulite contains 55 ± 17 ppm wt. % of ‘water’, whereas the bulk plagioclase-clinopyroxene vein contains 278 ± 83 ppm wt. %. These results imply a very dry lower crust, locally hydrated by percolating fluids and melts.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank for the financial support of OTKA NN 79943 to K. Török, and for the support of REG_KM_INFRA_09 Gábor Baross Programme which made possible the Raman analyses. I.K greatly acknowledges the support of MC IRG (NAMs-230937) and OTKA PD101683 grants for the IR analyses.

This is the publication N 72 of the LRG, ELTE in collaboration with MFGI. The authors acknowledge the critical comments of the two anonymous referees, which helped us to improve this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geological and Geophysical Institute of Hungary, Stefánia út 14, H-1143, Budapest, Hungary

    B. Németh, K. Török, I. Kovács & J. Dégi

  2. Lithosphere Fluid Research Lab, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Eötvös University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary

    B. Németh & Cs. Szabó

  3. Department of Lithospheric Research, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austira

    R. Abart

  4. Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., H-1117, Budapest, Hungary

    J. Mihály & Cs. Németh

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  1. B. Németh
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Németh, B., Török, K., Kovács, I. et al. Melting, fluid migration and fluid-rock interactions in the lower crust beneath the Bakony-Balaton Highland volcanic field: a silicate melt and fluid inclusion study. Miner Petrol 109, 217–234 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-015-0366-6

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