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Physiological performance and differential expression profiling of genes associated with drought tolerance in root tissue of four contrasting varieties of two Gossypium species

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Abstract

Root growth in drying soil is generally limited by a combination of mechanical impedance and water stress. As the major function of root tissue is water and nutrient uptake, so it imparts an important role in plant growth and stress management. Previously, we have studied physiological performance and expression profiling of gene associated with drought tolerance in leaf tissue of four cotton varieties. Here, we have further continued our studies with the root tissue of these varieties. The Gossypium hirsutum species JKC-770 is drought-tolerant and KC-2 is drought-sensitive, while Gossypium herbaceum species JKC-717 is drought-tolerant and RAHS-187 is drought-sensitive. JKC-770 and JKC-717 the drought-tolerant varieties showed a comparatively high glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, proline along with their gene expression, and low malondialdehyde content indicating low membrane damage and better antioxidative defense under drought condition. The expression levels of cellulose synthase, xyloglucan:xyloglucosyl transferase, and glycosyl hydrolases suggest modulation in cell wall structure and partitioning of sugars towards osmoprotectants instead of cell wall biosynthesis in tolerant varieties. Heat shock proteins and serine/threonine protein phosphotases show upregulation under drought condition, which are responsible for temperature tolerance and protein phosphorylation, respectively. These effects many metabolic processes and may be playing a key role in drought tolerance and adaptability of JKC-770 towards drought tolerance. The long-term water use efficiency (WUE) estimated in terms of carbon isotope discrimination (∆13C) in the root tissues showed maximum depletion in the ∆13C values in JKC-770 variety, while minimum in RAHS-187 under drought stress with reference to their respective control, suggesting a high WUE in JKC-770 variety.

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Abbreviations

∆13C:

carbon isotope discrimination

ABA:

abscisic acid

Aux Res P:

auxin responsive protein

CesA:

cellulose synthase

DW:

dry weight

FW:

fresh weight

GABA:

γ-amino butyric acid

GAD:

glutamate decarboxylase

GH:

glycosyl hydrolases

GST:

glutathione-S-transferase

H2O2 :

hydrogen peroxide

HC:

hydraulic conductance

HPFM:

high-pressure flow meter

HSP:

heat-shock proteins

MDA:

malondialdehyde

MSTFA:

N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide

NBT:

nitroblue tetrazolium

PCA:

principal component analysis

PPFD:

photosynthetic photon flux density

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

RWC:

relative water content

Ser/Thr PPase:

serine/threonine protein phosphotases

SOD:

superoxide dismutase

SqE:

squalene epoxidase

TCH4:

xyloglucan:xyloglucosyl transferase

WUE:

water use efficiency

Δ1P5CS:

Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylase synthetase

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, India (Grant No. OLP 085). A Senior Research Fellowship provided to RS and NP by Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, India, is gratefully acknowledged.

Conflict of interest

The authors wish to state that we have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Physiology Division, CSIR—National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India

    Ruchi Singh, Anil Kumar & Pramod A. Shirke

  2. Plant Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Division, CSIR—National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India

    Neha Pandey

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  1. Ruchi Singh
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  2. Neha Pandey
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  3. Anil Kumar
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  4. Pramod A. Shirke
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Correspondence to Pramod A. Shirke.

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Handling Editor: Néstor Carrillo

Pramod A. Shirke holds PhD, CSIR—National Botanical Research Institute.

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Singh, R., Pandey, N., Kumar, A. et al. Physiological performance and differential expression profiling of genes associated with drought tolerance in root tissue of four contrasting varieties of two Gossypium species. Protoplasma 253, 163–174 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-015-0800-y

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