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Complete genome sequence of a phage hyperparasite of Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis (Rickettsiales) – a pathogen of Haliotis spp (Gasteropoda)

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A Correction to this article was published on 05 February 2018

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Abstract

Bacteriophages are recognized as major mortality agents of microbes, among them intracellular marine rickettsiales-like bacteria. Recently, a phage hyperparasite of Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis (CXc) has been described. This bacterium is considered the causal agent of Withering Syndrome (WS) which is a chronic and potentially lethal disease of abalone species from California, USA and the peninsula of Baja California, Mexico. This hyperparasite which infects CXc could be used as a biocontrol agent for WS. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain genomic information to characterize this phage. In this study, the first complete genome sequence of a novel phage, Xenohaliotis phage (pCXc) was determined. The complete genome of pCXc from red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) is 35,728 bp, while the complete genome of pCXc from yellow abalone (Haliotis corrugata) is 35,736 bp. Both phage genomes consist of double-stranded DNA with a G + C content of 38.9%. In both genomes 33 open reading frames (ORFs) were predicted. Only 10 ORFs encode proteins that have identifiable functional homologues. These 10 ORFs were classified by function, including structural, DNA replication, DNA packaging, nucleotide transport and metabolism, life cycle regulation, recombination and repair, and additional functions. A PCR method for the specific detection of pCXc was developed. This information will help to understand a new group of phages that infect intracellular marine rickettsiales-like bacteria in mollusks.

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  • 05 February 2018

    Unfortunately, the family name of the co-author Roberto Cruz-Flores was incorrectly published in the original publication and corrected here by this correction. The original article has been corrected.

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Acknowledgements

This study was co-financed by Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada and Instituto de Sanidad Acuícola, A.C. We would like to thank Dr. Rebeca Vásquez-Yeomans for her valuable revisions, comments and support on the manuscript. A special thanks to Yanet Guerrero and Olga Callejas-Negrete for technical assistance with sample processing.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, México

    Roberto Cruz-Flores, Jorge Cáceres-Martínez, Miguel Ángel Del Río-Portilla, Alexei F. Licea-Navarro, Ricardo Gonzales-Sánchez & Abraham Guerrero

  2. Instituto de Sanidad Acuícola, A.C. (ISA), Calle de la Marina S/N. esq. Caracoles, Fracc. Playa Ensenada, 22880, Ensenada, Baja California, México

    Jorge Cáceres-Martínez

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  1. Roberto Cruz-Flores
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  2. Jorge Cáceres-Martínez
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  3. Miguel Ángel Del Río-Portilla
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  4. Alexei F. Licea-Navarro
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  6. Abraham Guerrero
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jorge Cáceres-Martínez.

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Funding

This study was co-financed by Centro de Investigación Científica y Educación Superior de Ensenada (project number 623106) and Instituto de Sanidad Acuícola, A. C. (project number Ab8758-2).

Conflict of interest

Roberto Cruz-Flores declares that there is not conflict of interest. Jorge Cáceres-Martínez declares that there is not conflict of interest. Miguel Ángel Del Río-Portilla declares that there is not conflict of interest. Alexei F. Licea-Navarro declares that there is not conflict of interest. Ricardo Alberto González-Sánchez declares that there is not conflict of interest. Abraham Guerrero declares that there is not conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.

Additional information

Handling Editor: T. K. Frey.

The original version of this article was revised: The family name of the co-author Roberto Cruz-Flores was incorrectly published in the original publication and corrected here.

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Cruz-Flores, R., Cáceres-Martínez, J., Del Río-Portilla, M.Á. et al. Complete genome sequence of a phage hyperparasite of Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis (Rickettsiales) – a pathogen of Haliotis spp (Gasteropoda). Arch Virol 163, 1101–1104 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-018-3703-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-018-3703-3

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