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Broad-spectrum antiviral properties of andrographolide

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Abstract

Andrographolide, a diterpenoid, is known for its anti-inflammatory effects. It can be isolated from various plants of the genus Andrographis, commonly known as ‘creat’. This purified compound has been tested for its anti-inflammatory effects in various stressful conditions, such as ischemia, pyrogenesis, arthritis, hepatic or neural toxicity, carcinoma, and oxidative stress, Apart from its anti-inflammatory effects, andrographolide also exhibits immunomodulatory effects by effectively enhancing cytotoxic T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, phagocytosis, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). All these properties of andrographolide form the foundation for the use of this miraculous compound to restrain virus replication and virus-induced pathogenesis. The present article covers antiviral properties of andrographolide in variety of viral infections, with the hope of developing of a new highly potent antiviral drug with multiple effects.

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Abbreviations

NK cells:

Natural killer cells

Tregs :

Regulatory T cells

CTLs:

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes

IAV:

Influenza A virus

NS:

Non-structural

HBV:

Hepatitis B virus

NC:

Nucleocapsid

DCs:

Dendritic cells

HCV:

Hepatitis C virus

HSV:

Herpes simplex virus

EBV:

Epstein-Barr virus

HPV:

Human papillomavirus

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

AIDS:

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

gp:

Glycoprotein

CNS:

Central nervous system

CHIKV:

Chikungunya virus

NCR:

Non-coding region

HBsAg:

Hepatitis B surface antigen

HBeAg:

Hepatitis B envelope antigen

14-DDA:

14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide

DAD:

14-Deoxyandrographolide

IPAD:

3, 19-Isopropylideneandrographolide

ACV:

Acyclovir

HSV-1DR:

HSV-1 drug-resistant strain

CPE:

Cytopathic effect

RIG-1:

Retinoic acid inducible gene 1

RLRs:

RIG-1-like receptors

HO-1:

Haeme oxygenase 1

DASM:

Dehydroandrographolide succinic acid monoester

BAL:

Bronchoalveolar

ADCC:

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in the form of a research fellowship granted to SG and the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) in the form of a project grant.

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  1. Immunomodulation Laboratory, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India

    Swati Gupta, K. P. Mishra & Lilly Ganju

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  1. Swati Gupta
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  2. K. P. Mishra
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  3. Lilly Ganju
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Correspondence to K. P. Mishra.

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Gupta, S., Mishra, K.P. & Ganju, L. Broad-spectrum antiviral properties of andrographolide. Arch Virol 162, 611–623 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-016-3166-3

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