Skip to main content
Log in

Transverse Single-Spin Asymmetries: Challenges and Recent Progress

  • Published:
Few-Body Systems Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Transverse single-spin asymmetries are among the most intriguing observables in hadronic physics. Though such asymmetries were already measured for the first time about four decades ago, their origin is still under debate. Here we consider transverse single-spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive lepton–nucleon scattering, in nucleon–nucleon scattering, and in inclusive lepton–nucleon scattering. It is argued that, according to recent work, the single-spin asymmetries for those three processes may be simultaneously described in perturbative QCD, where the re-scattering of the active partons plays a crucial role. A comparison of single-spin asymmetries in different reactions can also shed light on the universality of transverse momentum dependent parton correlation functions. In particular, we discuss what existing data may tell us about the predicted process dependence of the Sivers function.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Bunce G. et al.: Λ0 hyperon polarization in inclusive production by 300-GeV protons on beryllium. Phys. Rev. Lett. 36, 1113 (1976)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. Kane G.L., Pumplin J., Repko W.: Transverse quark polarization in large p T reactions, e + e jets, and leptoproduction: a test of QCD. Phys. Rev. Lett. 41, 1689 (1978)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. Efremov A.V., Teryaev O.V.: On spin effects in quantum chromodynamics. Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 36, 140 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Qiu J.W., Sterman G.F.: Single transverse spin asymmetries. Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 2264 (1991)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. Qiu J.W., Sterman G.F.: Single transverse spin asymmetries in direct photon production. Nucl. Phys. B 378, 52 (1992)

    Article  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  6. Metz A., Pitonyak D.: Fragmentation contribution to the transverse single-spin asymmetry in proton-proton collisions. Phys. Lett. B 723, 365 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. Kanazawa K., Koike Y., Metz A., Pitonyak D.: Towards an explanation of transverse single-spin asymmetries in proton-proton collisions: the role of fragmentation in collinear factorization. Phys. Rev. D 89, 111501(R) (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. Sivers D.W.: Single spin production asymmetries from the hard scattering of point-like constituents. Phys. Rev. D 41, 83 (1990)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. Collins J.C.: Fragmentation of transversely polarized quarks probed in transverse momentum distributions. Nucl. Phys. B 396, 161 (1993)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. Brodsky S.J., Hwang D.S., Schmidt I.: Final state interactions and single-spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering. Phys. Lett. B 530, 99 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. Collins J.C.: Leading twist single transverse-spin asymmetries: Drell-Yan and deep inelastic scattering. Phys. Lett. B 536, 43 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. Metz A., Pitonyak D., Schäfer A., Schlegel M., Vogelsang W., Zhou J.: Single-spin asymmetries in inclusive deep inelastic scattering and multiparton correlations in the nucleon. Phys. Rev. D 86, 094039 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. Boer D., Mulders P.J.: T-odd distribution functions in lepto-production. Phys Rev D 57, 5780 (1998)

    Article  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  14. Metz A.: Gluon-exchange in spin-dependent fragmentation. Phys. Lett. B 549, 139 (2002)

    Article  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  15. Collins J.C., Metz A.: Universality of soft and collinear factors in hard-scattering factorization. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 252001 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. Kang Z.B., Qiu J.W., Vogelsang W., Yuan F.: An observation concerning the process dependence of the Sivers functions. Phys. Rev. D 83, 094001 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. Boer D., Mulders P.J., Pijlman F.: Universality of T-odd effects in single spin and azimuthal asymmetries. Nucl. Phys. B 667, 201 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. Airapetian A. et al.: Single-spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering on a transversely polarized hydrogen target. Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 012002 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. Bacchetta A., Kundu R., Metz A., Mulders P.J.: The Collins fragmentation function: a simple model calculation. Phys. Lett. B 506, 155 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. Boer D., Jakob R., Mulders P.J.: Asymmetries in polarized hadron production in e + e annihilation up to order 1/Q. Nucl. Phys. B 504, 345 (1997)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. Pitonyak D., Schlegel M., Metz A.: Polarized hadron pair production from electron-positron annihilation. Phys. Rev. D 89, 054032 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. Seidl R. et al.: Measurement of azimuthal asymmetries in inclusive production of hadron pairs in e + e annihilation at \({\sqrt{s}=10.58\,{\rm GeV}}\). Phys. Rev. D 78, 032011 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. Anselmino M., Boglione M., D’Alesio U., Melis S., Murgia F., Prokudin A.: Simultaneous extraction of transversity and Collins functions from new SIDIS and e + e data. Phys. Rev. D 87, 094019 (2013)

    Article  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  24. Alekseev M.G. et al.: Measurement of the Collins and Sivers asymmetries on transversely polarised protons. Phys. Lett. B 692, 240 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. Qian X. et al.: Single-spin asymmetries in charged pion production from semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering on a transversely polarized 3He target. Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 072003 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. Anselmino M., Boglione M., D’Alesio U., Melis S., Murgia F., Prokudin A.: The Sivers effect and the single spin asymmetry A N in \({p^{\uparrow} p \to h X}\) processes. Phys. Rev. D 88, 054023 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. Ji X.D., Qiu J.W., Vogelsang W., Yuan F.: A unified picture for single transverse-spin asymmetries in hard processes. Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 082002 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. Arsene I. et al.: Single transverse spin asymmetries of identified charged hadrons in polarized p+p collisions at \({\sqrt{s} = 62.4\,{\rm GeV}}\). Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 042001 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. Adare A. et al.: Measurement of transverse single-spin asymmetries for \({J/\psi}\) production in polarized p+p collisions at \({\sqrt{s} = 200\,{\rm GeV}}\). Phys. Rev. D 82, 112008 (2010)

    Article  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  30. Adamczyk L. et al.: Transverse single-spin asymmetry and cross section for \({\pi^0}\) and \({\eta}\) mesons at large Feynman-x in polarized p+p collisions at \({\sqrt{s}=200\,{\rm GeV}}\). Phys. Rev. D 86, 051101 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. Kouvaris C., Qiu J.W., Vogelsang W., Yuan F.: Single transverse-spin asymmetry in high transverse momentum pion production in pp collisions. Phys. Rev. D 74, 114013 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. Kanazawa Y., Koike Y.: Estimate of a chiral odd contribution to single transverse spin asymmetry in hadronic pion production. Phys. Lett. B 490, 99 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. Christ N., Lee T.D.: Possible tests of C and T invariances in \({\ell^\pm + N \to \ell^\pm + \gamma}\) and \({A \to B + e^+ + e^-}\). Phys. Rev. 143, 1310 (1966)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. Airapetian A. et al.: Search for a two-photon exchange contribution to inclusive deep-inelastic scattering. Phys. Lett. B 682, 351 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. Katich J. et al.: Measurement of the target-normal single-spin asymmetry in deep-inelastic scattering from the reaction \({^{3}{\rm He}^{\uparrow}(e,e')X}\). Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 022502 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. Metz A., Schlegel M., Goeke K.: Transverse single spin asymmetries in inclusive deep-inelastic scattering. Phys. Lett. B 643, 319 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. Afanasev A., Strikman M., Weiss C.: Transverse target spin asymmetry in inclusive DIS with two-photon exchange. Phys. Rev. D 77, 014028 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  38. Schlegel M.: Partonic description of the transverse target single-spin asymmetry in inclusive deep-inelastic scattering. Phys. Rev. D 87, 034006 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. Anselmino M. et al.: Sivers effect for pion and kaon production in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering. Eur. Phys. J. A 39, 89 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. Kang Z.B., Prokudin A.: Global fitting of single spin asymmetry: an attempt. Phys. Rev. D 85, 074008 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  41. Gamberg L., Kang Z.B., Prokudin A.: Indication on the process-dependence of the Sivers effect. Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 232301 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  42. Bland, L.C., et al.: Cross sections and transverse single-spin asymmetries in forward jet production from proton collisions at \({\sqrt{s}=500\,{\rm GeV}}\). arXiv:1304.1454 (2013)

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andreas Metz.

Additional information

This work has been supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-1205942 (A.M.), the RIKEN BNL Research Center (D.P.), and by the BMBF under Grant No. OR 06RY9191 (J.Z).

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Metz, A., Pitonyak, D., Schäfer, A. et al. Transverse Single-Spin Asymmetries: Challenges and Recent Progress. Few-Body Syst 56, 331–336 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00601-014-0929-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00601-014-0929-9

Keywords

Navigation