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Correction to: International Journal of Biometeorology
Following publication, we discovered a data processing error that misassigned North American Land Data Assimilation System 2 (NLDAS-2)-derived temperature index values, affecting a subset of locations over the assessed time period. Upon correcting this error and repeating the analysis, the findings remained fundamentally unchanged, although the partial misassignment had biased risk estimates towards the null. The corrected odds ratios increased marginally for heat index and WBGT indices, and by a larger magnitude for ambient temperature and minimum/early morning indices, relative to case-day median index values, which also increased upon re-analysis. The shapes of the response curves for the multiple indices remained consistent with the exceptions of minimum temperature, morning (0600 local) temperature, and morning WBGT, presented in the electronic supplementary material.
The abstract findings are amended to “Responses were positive, monotonic, and exponential in nature, except for maximum daily WBGT, which showed decreasing risk for the highest heat category days. The risk for heat stress illness on a day with a maximum WBGT of 32.2 °C (90.0 °F) was 2.08 (95% CI, 1.93–2.23) times greater than on a day with a maximum WBGT of 29.9 °C (85.8 °F) (prior: OR = 1.93, relative to 28.6 °C). The risk was 3.15 (2.92–3.41) times greater on days with a maximum heat index of 40.6 °C (105 °F) compared to 34.7 °C (94.4 °F) (prior: OR = 2.53, relative to 32.8 °C).”
Figures 2, 34 are updated below:
Density plots of maximum (orange) and mean (teal) daily temperature (A), heat index (B), and WBGT (C) on days with HSI case-definition encounters occurring at 24 US military installations from 1998 to 2019. Dashed lines indicate median values and solid lines indicate mean values (n = 31,642)
Pairwise mean (A–C) and maximum (D–F) daily indices on HSI case days with maximum WBGT > 85 °F (n = 12,865). Pearson correlations (all p < 0.001), linear model fit (all regions), and multivariate t-distribution data ellipses by climate region are depicted
Overall HSI odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for mean (A–C) and maximum (D–F) daily indices (1998–2019). ORs are cumulative over 0–5 days lag, relative to the median value on case days for each index in °F, from time-stratified case-crossover distributed lag, non-linear models applying natural splines with 5 degrees of freedom (df) on the functional form of dose–response, and 4 df on the functional form of the lags
Changes to the electronic supplementary material are below:
Table S1. HSI odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals relative to median index values (index values > 25 °C)
Index Value (°C / °F) | Mean Temperature | Mean Heat Index | Mean WBGT | Maximum Temperature | Maximum Heat Index | Maximum WBGT | |||||||
Centered (median) value (°C / °F) | 26.6 | 79.9 | 27.6 | 81.6 | 24.0 | 75.2 | 31.0 | 87.8 | 32.8 | 91.0 | 28.56 | 83.4 | |
25.00 | 77 | 0.58 (0.54, 0.61) | 0.52 (0.48, 0.56) | 0.83 (0.82, 0.84) | 0.24 (0.22, 0.26) | 0.23 (0.21, 0.25) | 0.29 (0.26, 0.31) | ||||||
25.56 | 78 | 0.65 (0.62, 0.68) | 0.57 (0.53, 0.61) | 0.99 (0.99, 0.99) | 0.26 (0.24, 0.29) | 0.25 (0.23, 0.27) | 0.32 (0.29, 0.35) | ||||||
26.11 | 79 | 0.74 (0.72, 0.76) | 0.62 (0.58, 0.66) | 1.24 (1.21, 1.27) | 0.29 (0.27, 0.32) | 0.28 (0.25, 0.30) | 0.37 (0.33, 0.40) | ||||||
26.67 | 80 | 0.84 (0.83, 0.85) | 0.67 (0.64, 0.70) | 1.58 (1.51, 1.66) | 0.33 (0.30, 0.36) | 0.31 (0.28, 0.34) | 0.42 (0.38, 0.45) | ||||||
27.22 | 81 | 0.97 (0.96, 0.97) | 0.72 (0.70, 0.75) | 2.01 (1.88, 2.15) | 0.37 (0.34, 0.40) | 0.34 (0.31, 0.37) | 0.48 (0.44, 0.51) | ||||||
27.78 | 82 | 1.13 (1.12, 1.14) | 0.78 (0.76, 0.80) | 2.51 (2.34, 2.70) | 0.41 (0.38, 0.45) | 0.38 (0.35, 0.41) | 0.55 (0.51, 0.58) | ||||||
28.33 | 83 | 1.32 (1.29, 1.35) | 0.85 (0.84, 0.86) | 3.10 (2.87, 3.34) | 0.47 (0.43, 0.50) | 0.42 (0.39, 0.46) | 0.63 (0.60, 0.66) | ||||||
28.89 | 84 | 1.55 (1.49, 1.62) | 0.94 (0.93, 0.94) | 3.77 (3.42, 4.16) | 0.53 (0.49, 0.57) | 0.46 (0.43, 0.51) | 0.73 (0.71, 0.75) | ||||||
29.44 | 85 | 1.82 (1.72, 1.92) | 1.05 (1.05, 1.05) | 4.54 (3.95, 5.22) | 0.60 (0.56, 0.63) | 0.51 (0.47, 0.55) | 0.86 (0.85, 0.87) | ||||||
30.00 | 86 | 2.10 (1.97, 2.25) | 1.19 (1.17, 1.21) | 5.43 (4.46, 6.60) | 0.68 (0.65, 0.71) | 0.56 (0.51, 0.60) | 1.03 (1.03, 1.04) | ||||||
30.56 | 87 | 2.41 (2.24, 2.60) | 1.36 (1.32, 1.40) | 6.45 (4.96, 8.38) | 0.76 (0.74, 0.79) | 0.60 (0.56, 0.65) | 1.27 (1.24, 1.29) | ||||||
31.11 | 88 | 2.74 (2.53, 2.97) | 1.56 (1.49, 1.62) | 7.64 (5.47, 10.68) | 0.86 (0.85, 0.88) | 0.65 (0.61, 0.69) | 1.54 (1.48, 1.61) | ||||||
31.67 | 89 | 3.09 (2.84, 3.37) | 1.77 (1.68, 1.87) | 9.04 (6.00, 13.61) | 0.97 (0.97, 0.97) | 0.69 (0.65, 0.73) | 1.83 (1.72, 1.94) | ||||||
32.22 | 90 | 3.47 (3.16, 3.80) | 2.00 (1.88, 2.13) | 10.70 (6.59, 17.37) | 1.09 (1.08, 1.10) | 0.73 (0.70, 0.76) | 2.08 (1.93, 2.23) | ||||||
32.78 | 91 | 3.86 (3.48, 4.27) | 2.23 (2.08, 2.39) | NA | 1.21 (1.19, 1.23) | 0.77 (0.75, 0.80) | 2.27 (2.10, 2.46) | ||||||
33.33 | 92 | 4.27 (3.80, 4.79) | 2.47 (2.30, 2.65) | NA | 1.35 (1.31, 1.39) | 0.82 (0.81, 0.84) | 2.40 (2.20, 2.61) | ||||||
33.89 | 93 | 4.69 (4.11, 5.36) | 2.70 (2.51, 2.91) | NA | 1.49 (1.43, 1.56) | 0.88 (0.87, 0.89) | 2.44 (2.23, 2.67) | ||||||
34.44 | 94 | 5.14 (4.40, 6.00) | 2.94 (2.72, 3.17) | NA | 1.64 (1.55, 1.74) | 0.96 (0.96, 0.96) | 2.41 (2.19, 2.65) | ||||||
35.00 | 95 | 5.60 (4.67, 6.71) | 3.17 (2.92, 3.43) | NA | 1.81 (1.69, 1.94) | 1.06 (1.06, 1.07) | 2.31 (2.08, 2.55) | ||||||
35.56 | 96 | 6.08 (4.93, 7.50) | 3.39 (3.11, 3.71) | NA | 1.99 (1.85, 2.15) | 1.19 (1.17, 1.21) | 2.15 (1.91, 2.41) | ||||||
36.11 | 97 | 6.59 (5.18, 8.39) | 3.61 (3.26, 4.00) | NA | 2.19 (2.02, 2.38) | 1.35 (1.31, 1.40) | 1.95 (1.70, 2.23) | ||||||
36.67 | 98 | 7.12 (5.41, 9.37) | 3.83 (3.40, 4.31) | NA | 2.40 (2.20, 2.62) | 1.54 (1.48, 1.61) | 1.73 (1.47, 2.03) | ||||||
37.22 | 99 | 7.68 (5.63, 10.47) | 4.04 (3.50, 4.65) | NA | 2.63 (2.40, 2.88) | 1.75 (1.66, 1.85) | 1.50 (1.24, 1.82) | ||||||
37.78 | 100 | 8.27 (5.85, 11.70) | 4.24 (3.59, 5.01) | NA | 2.88 (2.62, 3.16) | 1.97 (1.85, 2.11) | 1.28 (1.02, 1.60) | ||||||
38.33 | 101 | 8.91 (6.07, 13.07) | 4.44 (3.65, 5.39) | NA | 3.15 (2.86, 3.47) | 2.20 (2.05, 2.37) | 1.07 (0.82, 1.39) | ||||||
38.89 | 102 | 9.59 (6.30, 14.61) | 4.63 (3.70, 5.79) | NA | 3.44 (3.10, 3.81) | 2.44 (2.27, 2.63) | 0.88 (0.64, 1.20) | ||||||
39.44 | 103 | 10.33 (6.53, 16.33) | 4.83 (3.74, 6.23) | NA | 3.75 (3.36, 4.18) | 2.68 (2.49, 2.89) | 0.72 (0.50, 1.02) | ||||||
40.00 | 104 | 11.12 (6.77, 18.26) | 5.02 (3.77, 6.70) | NA | 4.09 (3.63, 4.61) | 2.92 (2.71, 3.14) | 0.58 (0.38, 0.87) | ||||||
40.56 | 105 | 11.97 (7.01, 20.43) | 5.23 (3.79, 7.20) | NA | 4.45 (3.90, 5.08) | 3.15 (2.92, 3.41) | 0.46 (0.29, 0.73) | ||||||
41.11 | 106 | NA | 5.44 (3.82, 7.74) | NA | 4.85 (4.18, 5.61) | 3.39 (3.12, 3.68) | 0.36 (0.22, 0.61) | ||||||
41.67 | 107 | NA | 5.66 (3.84, 8.33) | NA | 5.27 (4.47, 6.21) | 3.62 (3.30, 3.96) | 0.29 (0.16, 0.51) | ||||||
42.22 | 108 | NA | 5.88 (3.86, 8.96) | NA | 5.73 (4.77, 6.89) | 3.84 (3.45, 4.27) | 0.23 (0.12, 0.42) | ||||||
42.78 | 109 | NA | 6.12 (3.89, 9.64) | NA | 6.23 (5.07, 7.65) | 4.06 (3.58, 4.60) | 0.18 (0.09, 0.35) | ||||||
43.33 | 110 | NA | 6.37 (3.91, 10.37) | NA | 6.76 (5.38, 8.50) | 4.27 (3.68, 4.95) | 0.14 (0.07, 0.29) | ||||||
43.89 | 111 | NA | NA | NA | 7.35 (5.71, 9.46) | 4.47 (3.75, 5.32) | NA | ||||||
44.44 | 112 | NA | NA | NA | 7.98 (6.04, 10.53) | 4.66 (3.80, 5.72) | NA | ||||||
45.00 | 113 | NA | NA | NA | 8.66 (6.39, 11.73) | 4.85 (3.83, 6.14) | NA | ||||||
45.56 | 114 | NA | NA | NA | 9.40 (6.76, 13.07) | 5.04 (3.85, 6.59) | NA | ||||||
46.11 | 115 | NA | NA | NA | 10.21 (7.15, 14.57) | 5.22 (3.86, 7.07) | NA | ||||||
46.67 | 116 | NA | NA | NA | 11.08 (7.55, 16.25) | 5.41 (3.85, 7.58) | NA | ||||||
47.22 | 117 | NA | NA | NA | 12.03 (7.98, 18.13) | 5.59 (3.85, 8.13) | NA | ||||||
47.78 | 118 | NA | NA | NA | 13.06 (8.44, 20.22) | 5.78 (3.84, 8.72) | NA | ||||||
48.33 | 119 | NA | NA | NA | 14.18 (8.91, 22.56) | 5.98 (3.83, 9.35) | NA | ||||||
48.89 | 120 | NA | NA | NA | 15.39 (9.41, 25.17) | 6.19 (3.81, 10.03) | NA | ||||||
Figs S2a–c. Overall HSI odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for minimum daily indices
Figs S3a–c. Overall HSI odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for 0600 h (local) daily indices
Figs S4a–f. Incremental cumulative HSI odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for lags 0–5 days from mean daily indices
Figs S5a–f. Overall HSI odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for daily indices by NOAA NCEI climate region
Figs S6a–f. Overall HSI odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for daily indices by diagnosis typeFig S7. Pairwise mean (A-C) and maximum (D-F) daily indices on all HSI encounter days throughout full temperature/index ranges (n = 31,642)Fig S7. Pairwise mean (A-C) and maximum (D-F) daily indices on all HSI encounter days throughout full temperature/index ranges (n = 31,642)Fig S7. Pairwise mean (A-C) and maximum (D-F) daily indices on all HSI encounter days throughout full temperature/index ranges (n = 31,642)
Fig S7. Pairwise mean (A-C) and maximum (D-F) daily indices on all HSI encounter days throughout full temperature/index ranges (n = 31,642)
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The original article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-022-02269-3.
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Lewandowski, S.A., Shaman, J.L. Correction to: Heat stress morbidity among US military personnel: daily exposure and lagged response (1998–2019). Int J Biometeorol 66, 1209–1217 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-022-02291-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-022-02291-5