Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Mangrove stilt root morphology modeling for estimating hydraulic drag in tsunami inundation simulation

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Trees Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The submerged tree volume and the projection area of mangroves play a significant role in damping tsunami inundation flow with a distinct root formation above ground. We modeled the stilt root morphology of the Rhizophora sp., especially to incorporate into a hydraulic drag of tsunami inundation simulation. The equivalent Manning’s roughness coefficient has been used as the hydraulic drag of mangroves for the computation of inundation flow [Yanagisawa et al. (Coast Shelf Sci 81: 27–37, 2009)], but it could not elucidate the effectiveness under different tree conditions. The field data from 18 sample trees in Ranong Province, Thailand, were measured. The total number of primary roots, the root height at trunk, and the root-spread distance, the root diameter, and the vertical root angle from trunk could be estimated with the diameter of the breast height. The quadratic equation expressed the root curve of the primary stilt root, and functions to estimate root volume and projected area were derived by the integration of the equation that will be used to calculate drag force in tsunami simulation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Dahdouh-Guebas F, Jayatissa LP, Di Nitto D, Bosire JO, Lo Seen D, Koedam N (2005) How effective were mangroves as a defence against the recent tsunami? Curr Biol: CB 15(12):R443–R447

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giesen W, Wulffraa MZ, Scholten L (2007) Mangrove guidebook for southeast Asia. FAO, Weltlands International, Rome

    Google Scholar 

  • Gill AM, Tomlinson PB (1977) Studies on the growth of red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle L.) 4. Adult root system. Biotropica 9(3):145–155

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harada K, Imamura F (2005) Effects of coastal forest on tsunami hazard mitigation—a preliminary investigation. In: Advances in natural and technological hazards research, vol 23. Springer, Netherlands, p 279–292. doi:10.1007/1-4020-3331-1_17

  • Kathiresan K, Rajendran N (2005) Coastal mangrove forests mitigated tsunami. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 65(3):601–606

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mazda Y, Wolanski E, King B, Sase A, Ohtsuka D, Magi M (1997) Drag force due to vegetation in mangrove swamps. Mangroves Salt Marshes 1:193–1999

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ohira W, Honda K, Harada K (2012) Reduction of tsunami inundation by coastal forests in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: a numerical study. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 12(1):85–95. doi:10.5194/nhess-12-85-2012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ong JE, Gong WK, Wong CH (2004) Allometry and partitioning of the mangrove, Rhizophora apiculata. For Ecol Manag 188(1–3):395–408

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Proisy C, Couteron P, Fo Fromard (2007) Predicting and mapping mangrove biomass from canopy grain analysis using Fourier-based textural ordination of IKONOS images. Remote Sens Environ 109(3):379–392

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prusinkiewicz P, Lindenmayer A (1990) The algorithmic beauty of plants, vol The virtual laboratory. Springer, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Running SW, Nemani RR, Peterson DL, Band LE, Potts DF, Pierce LL, Spanner MA (1989) Mapping regional forest evapotranspiration and photosynthesis by coupling satellite data with ecosystem simulation. Ecology 70(4):1090–1101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sato K (1978) Studies on the protective functions of the mangrove forest against erosion and destruction (I). The morphological characteristics of the root system of Yaeyama hirugi (Rhizophora mucronata LAMK). Sci Bull Coll Agric, University Ryukyus 25:615–630

    Google Scholar 

  • Soares MLG, Schaeffer-Novelli Y (2005) Above-ground biomass of mangrove species. I. Analysis of models. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 65:1–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomlinson PB (1986) The botany of mangrove. Cambridge University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Yanagisawa HKS, Goto K, Miyagi T, Imamura F, Ruangrassamee A, Tanavud C (2009) The reduction effects of mangrove forest on a tsunami based on field surveys at Pakarang Cape, Thailand and numerical analysis Estuarine. Coast Shelf Sci 81:27–37

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We thank Mr. Sukrid Krataichan, Chief of Laem Son National Park, Ranong, Department of National Park, wildlife and Plant, Thailand, for his assistance in the field survey.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Remote Sensing and GIS, School of Engineering and Technology, Asian Institute of Technology, Klong Luang, P.O. Box 4, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand

    Wataru Ohira

  2. International Digital Earth Applied Science Research Center, Chubu University, 1200, Matsumoto-cho, Aichi, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan

    Kiyoshi Honda

  3. Geoinformatics Center, Asian Institute of Technology, Klong Luang, P.O. Box 4, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand

    Masahiko Nagai

  4. Geo-Infomatics Division, Department of National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, 61 Paholyothin Road, Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand

    Anuchit Ratanasuwan

Authors
  1. Wataru Ohira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kiyoshi Honda
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Masahiko Nagai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Anuchit Ratanasuwan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wataru Ohira.

Additional information

Communicated by E. Priesack.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ohira, W., Honda, K., Nagai, M. et al. Mangrove stilt root morphology modeling for estimating hydraulic drag in tsunami inundation simulation. Trees 27, 141–148 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-012-0782-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-012-0782-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation