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Adipose tissue extract promotes adipose tissue regeneration in an adipose tissue engineering chamber model

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Summary

An adipose tissue engineering chamber model of spontaneous adipose tissue generation from an existing fat flap has been described. However, the chamber does not completely fill with adipose tissue in this model. Here, the effect of adipose tissue extract (ATE) on adipose tissue regeneration was investigated. In vitro, the adipogenic and angiogenic capacities of ATE were evaluated using Oil Red O and tube formation assays on adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs), respectively. In vivo, saline or ATE was injected into the adipose tissue engineering chamber 1 week after its implantation. At different time points post-injection, the contents were morphometrically, histologically, and immunohistochemically evaluated, and the expression of growth factors and adipogenic genes was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative real-time PCR. With the exception of the baseline control group, in which fat flaps were not inserted into a chamber, the total volume of fat flap tissue increased significantly in all groups, especially in the ATE group. Better morphology and structure, a thinner capsule, and more vessels were observed in the ATE group than in the control group. Expression of angiogenic growth factors and adipogenic markers were significantly higher in the ATE group. ATE therefore significantly promoted adipose tissue regeneration and reduced capsule formation in an adipose tissue engineering chamber model. These data suggest that ATE provides a more angiogenic and adipogenic microenvironment for adipose tissue formation by releasing various cytokines and growth factors that also inhibit capsule formation.

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Abbreviations

ATE:

Adipose tissue extract

ASCs:

Adipose-derived stem cells

RAECs:

Rabbit aortic endothelial cells

bFGF:

Basic fibroblast growth factor

H&E:

Hematoxylin and eosin

PBS:

Phosphate-buffered saline

PPARγ:

Proliferator-activated receptor gamma γ

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China

      Zijing Lu, Yi Yuan, Jianhua Gao & Feng Lu

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    1. Zijing Lu
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    2. Yi Yuan
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    3. Jianhua Gao
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    4. Feng Lu
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    Correspondence to Jianhua Gao or Feng Lu.

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    This work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (81471881, 81372083, 81171834, and 81201482), the Key Clinical Specialty Discipline Construction Program, and the Health Collaborative Innovation major projects of Guangzhou (7414275040815).

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    Zijing Lu and Yi Yuan contributed equally to this work.

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    Lu, Z., Yuan, Y., Gao, J. et al. Adipose tissue extract promotes adipose tissue regeneration in an adipose tissue engineering chamber model. Cell Tissue Res 364, 289–298 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-015-2322-5

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    • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-015-2322-5

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