Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Innate cell-mediated immune response and peripheral leukocyte populations in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., to a live Cryptobia salmositica vaccine

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Parasitology Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The effects of a live Cryptobia salmositica (Kinetoplastida) vaccine on the humoral and cellular immune response, and changes in the peripheral leukocyte populations of Salmo salar were investigated. The vaccine produced detectable parasitemia in the blood which peaked at 5 weeks post-vaccination (w.p.v). Antibodies were detectable at 4 w.p.v. and the antibody titer increased as parasitemia declined. Respiratory burst activity in vaccinated fish was significantly higher than in control fish; the highest activity occurred with rising parasitemia and lower activity with declining parasitemia. There was a significant increase in the proportion of granulocytes (to total leukocytes) at 4 w.p.v. At 6 w.p.v., the proportion of lymphocytes and monocytes increased significantly and remained elevated. These results demonstrate innate (respiratory burst activity and an increase in the proportion of granulocytes corresponding to rising parasitemia) and adaptive (antibody production and increases in the proportion of monocytes and lymphocytes corresponding to declining parasitemia) immune responses to the live vaccine.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Anderson DP, Moritamo T, Grooth R (1992) Neutrophil, glass-adherent, nitroblue tetrazolium assay gives early indication of immunization effectiveness in rainbow trout. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 30:419–429

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alvarez F, Razquin B, Villena A, Lopez Fierro P, Zapata A (1988) Alterations in the peripheral lymphoid organs and differential leukocyte counts in Saprolegnia-infected brown trout, Salmo trutta. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 18:181–193

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Archer RK (1965) Haematological techniques for use on animals. Blackwell, Oxford

  • Ardelli BF, Woo PTK (2002) Experimental Cryptobia salmositica (Kinetoplastida) infections in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L: cell-mediated and humoral immune responses against the pathogenic and vaccine strains of the parasite. J Fish Dis 25:265–274

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bower SM, Thompson AB (1987) Hatching of the Pacific salmon leech (Piscicola salmositica) from cocoons exposed to various treatments. Aquaculture 66:1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buchmann K, Pederson K (1994) A study of teleost phylogeny using specific antisera. J Fish Biol 45:901–903

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen SC, Yoshida T, Adams A, Thompson KD, Richards RH (1996) Immune response of rainbow trout to extracellular products of Mycobacterium spp. J Aqua Anim Health 8:216–222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen SC, Yoshida T, Adams A, Thompson KD, Richards RH (1998) Non-specific immune response of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis nilotica, to the extracellular products of Mycobacterium spp. and to various adjuvants. J Fish Dis 21:39–46

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chin A, Glebe BD, Woo PTK (2004) Humoral response and susceptibility of five full-sib families of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) to the haemoflagellate, Cryptobia salmositica Katz 1951. J Fish Dis 27:471–481

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clem LW, Sizemore RC, Ellsaesser CF, Miller NW (1985) Monocytes as accessory cells in fish immune responses. Dev Comp Immunol 9:803–809

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis AE (1977) The leucocytes of fish: a review. J Fish Biol 11:453–491

    Google Scholar 

  • Feng S, Woo PTK (1996) Biological characterization of a monoclonal antibody against a surface membrane antigen on Cryptobia salmositica Katz 1951. Parasitol Res 82:604–611

    Google Scholar 

  • Hernandez DE, Gonzalez N, Rios R, Merchan L, Wuani H (1983) Phagocytosis in patients with sickle cell disease. J. Clin Lab Immunol 12:137–140

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeney G, Anderson DP (1993) Glucan injection or bath exposure given alone or in combination with a bacterin enhance the non-specific defence mechanisms in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture 116:315–329

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levinsky RJ, Harvey BAM, Rodeck CH, Soothill JF (1983) Phorbol myristate acetate stimulated NBT test: a simple method suitable for antenatal diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease. Clin Exp Immunol 54:595–598

    Google Scholar 

  • Li S, Woo PTK (1995) Efficacy of a live Cryptobia salmositica vaccine, and the mechanism of protection in vaccinated Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) against cryptobiosis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 48:343–353

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Logambal SM, Venkatalakshmi S, Dinakaran, MR (2000) Immunostimulatory effect of leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn. in Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters). Hydrobiologia 430:113–120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lonnstrom LG, Rahkonen R, Lunden T, Pasternack M, Koskela J, Grondahl, A (2001) Protection, immune response and side effects in whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus L.) vaccinated against vibriosis and furunculosis. Aquaculture 200:271–284

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mehta M, Woo PTK (2002) Acquired cell-mediated protection in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, against the haemoflagellate, Cryptobia salmositica. Parasitol Res 88:956–962

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muiswinkel WB van (1995) The piscine immune system: innate and acquired immunity. In: Woo PTK (ed) Fish diseases and disorders, vol 1. Protozoan and metazoan infections. CAB International, Wallingford, pp 729–750

  • Munoz P, Sitja-Bobadilla A, Alvarez-Pellitero P (2000) Cellular and humoral immune response of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) (Teleostei: Serranidae) immunized with Sphaerospora dicentrachi (Myxosporea: Bivalvulida). Parasitology 120:465–477

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muona M, Virtanen E (1993) Effect of dimethylglycine and trimethylglycine (betaine) on the response of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) smolts to experimental Vibrio anguillarum infection. Fish Shell Immunol 6:439–449

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pathiratne A, Rajapakshe W (1998) Hematological changes associated with epizootic ulcerative syndrome in the Asian cichlid fish Etroplus suratensis. Asian Fish Sci 3/4:203–211

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowley A (1990) Collection, separation, and identification of fish leukocytes. In: Stolen JS, Fletcher TC, Anderson DP, Roberson BS, van Muiswinkel WB (eds) Techniques in fish immunology FITC 1. SOS, Fairhaven, pp 113–136

  • Secombes CJ (1994a) Cellular defences in fish: an update. In: Pike AW, Lewis JW (eds) Parasitic diseases of fish. Samara, Dyfed, pp 209–224

  • Secombes CJ (1994b) Macrophage activation in fish. In: Stolen JS, Fletcher TC (eds) Modulators of fish immune responses, vol 1. SOS, Fairhaven, pp 49–58

  • Sitja-Bobadilla A, Woo PTK (1994) An enzyme-linked assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies against the pathogenic haemoflagellate, Cryptobia salmositica Katz, and protection against cryptobiosis in juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), inoculated with a live vaccine. J Fish Dis 17:399–408

    Google Scholar 

  • Stasiak SA, Baumann PC (1996) Neutrophil activity as a potential bioindicator for contaminant analysis. Fish Shell Immunol 6:537–539

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas PT, Woo PTK (1990) In vivo and in vitro cell-mediated immune responses of Oncorhynchus mykiss against Cryptobia salmositica (Sarcomastigophora: Kinetoplastida). J Fish Dis 15:443–447

    Google Scholar 

  • Woo PTK (1978) The division process of Cryptobia salmositica in experimentally infected rainbow trout, (Salmo gairdneri). Can J Zool 47:36–48

    Google Scholar 

  • Woo PTK (2003) Cryptobia (Trypanoplasma) salmositica and salmonid cryptobiosis. J Fish Dis 26:627–646

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Woo PTK, Li S (1990) In vitro attenuation of Cryptobia salmositica and its use as a live vaccine against cryptobiosis in Oncorhynchus mykiss. J Parasitol 76:752–755

    Google Scholar 

  • Woo PTK, Wehnert SD (1983) Direct transmission of a haemoflagellate, Cryptobia salmositica (Katz, 1951; Kinetoplastida: Bodonina) between rainbow trout under laboratory conditions. J Protozool 39:334–337

    Google Scholar 

  • Yasutake WT, Wales JH (1983) Microscopic anatomy of salmonids: an atlas. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service Resource Publication 150, Washington

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This study was supported by grants from AquaNet, Canadian Network Centres of Excellence for Aquaculture (Animal Production Project no. 19) to P.T.K.W. We gratefully acknowledge B. Glebe for providing the Atlantic salmon and F.C. Guo for providing technical assistance. The research was conducted at the Aquatic Sciences Facility (Hagen Aqualab) of the University of Guelph.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario , N1G 2W1, Canada

    Adrian Chin & Patrick T. K. Woo

Authors
  1. Adrian Chin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Patrick T. K. Woo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Patrick T. K. Woo.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Chin, A., Woo, P.T.K. Innate cell-mediated immune response and peripheral leukocyte populations in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., to a live Cryptobia salmositica vaccine. Parasitol Res 95, 299–304 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-004-1270-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-004-1270-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation