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Circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines are elevated and peak power output correlates with 25-hydroxyvitamin D in vitamin D insufficient adults

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to identify circulating cytokines, skeletal muscle strength, and peak power output in young adults with contrasting serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations. Serum 25(OH)D, inflammatory cytokines, muscle strength, and peak power output were, therefore, measured in young adults (25–42 years). Data were collected during the winter to avoid the seasonal influence on serum 25(OH)D. After serum 25(OH)D concentration measurements, subjects were separated into one of two groups: (1) vitamin D insufficient [serum 25(OH)D ≤32 ng/mL, n = 14], or (2) vitamin D sufficient [serum 25(OH)D >32 ng/mL, n = 14]. Following group allocation, serum 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly (p < 0.05) lower and pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-2, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ] were significantly (all p < 0.05) greater in vitamin D insufficient adults. An anti-inflammatory cytokine (i.e., IL-10; p > 0.05), peak isometric forces (p > 0.05), and peak power outputs (p > 0.05) were not significantly different between vitamin D groups. However, peak power outputs correlated with serum 25(OH)D concentrations in vitamin D insufficient (r = 0.55, p < 0.05) but not in vitamin D sufficient adults (r = −0.27, p = 0.36). Based on these data, we conclude that vitamin D insufficiency, in part, could result in pro-inflammatory stress without altering muscular strength or function in young adults. Future research investigating the causality of the correlation between low-serum 25(OH)D and peak power output in young adults is required.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the subjects who participated in this study; Penny Snow, Kristi Thunell and Michelle (Shelly) Oliver (The Orthopedic Specialty Hospital) for the phlebotomy; the late Adam S. Dern (USANA Health Sciences, Inc.) for serum sample preparations; and Stephen C. Swanson (Athletic Republic) and Saunders Whittlesey for technical support. This study was funded in part by the Intermountain Research and Medical Foundation (Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT, USA) and the ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology (Salt Lake City, UT, USA).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Orthopedic Specialty Hospital, 5848 S. Fashion Blvd, Murray, UT, 84107, USA

    Tyler Barker & Vanessa T. Henriksen

  2. ARUP Laboratories, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA

    Thomas B. Martins, Harry R. Hill & Carl R. Kjeldsberg

  3. Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA

    Harry R. Hill & Carl R. Kjeldsberg

  4. USANA Health Sciences, Inc, Salt Lake City, UT, 84120, USA

    Brian M. Dixon & Erik D. Schneider

  5. Hyperbaric Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT, 84107, USA

    Lindell K. Weaver

  6. LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, 84143, USA

    Lindell K. Weaver

  7. School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA

    Lindell K. Weaver

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  1. Tyler Barker
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Correspondence to Tyler Barker.

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Communicated by Fabio Fischetti.

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Barker, T., Martins, T.B., Hill, H.R. et al. Circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines are elevated and peak power output correlates with 25-hydroxyvitamin D in vitamin D insufficient adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 113, 1523–1534 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-012-2582-7

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