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Analysis of 12 X-STRs in Greenlanders, Danes and Somalis using Argus X-12

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Abstract

X-chromosome markers have become a useful set of markers of choice when certain complex kinship cases need to be unravelled. The Argus X-12 kit allows the co-amplification in a single PCR reaction of 12 X-chromosome short tandem repeats located in four linkage groups. A number of 507 unrelated individuals from Greenland, Denmark and Somalia together with two generation families were typed using the Argus X-12 kit. Silent alleles for the DXS10148 and DXS10146 systems were observed in males, mostly from Somalia. High levels of intrapopulation variability and therefore high forensic parameter values were calculated for the three studied populations. The population in Greenland showed a significantly lower intrapopulation variability and a high genetic differentiation compared with 13 other populations. Significant levels of linkage disequilibrium were observed between markers belonging to the same linkage group, mainly in the populations in Greenland and Somalia. Family studies allowed the calculation of mutation and recombination frequencies. A higher male versus female mutation rate was obtained, with an average value of 3.3 × 10−3. Recombination fraction calculations performed on two generation families showed, as previously described, a not complete independence between X-chromosome linkage groups 3 and 4.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Marianne Olesen and Nadia Jochumsen for excellent technical assistance. Vânia Pereira has a Ph.D. scholarship from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) (grant reference SFRH/BD/70881/2010).

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Section of Forensic Genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederik V’s Vej 11, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Carmen Tomas, Vânia Pereira & Niels Morling

  2. Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal

    Vânia Pereira

  3. IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal

    Vânia Pereira

Authors
  1. Carmen Tomas
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  2. Vânia Pereira
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  3. Niels Morling
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Carmen Tomas.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary Table 1

PCR and sequencing primers designed for the DXS10148 and DXS10146 systems. (PDF 41.8 kb)

Supplementary Table 2

Sequences of the DXS10148 and DXS10146 silent alleles. (PDF 43.3 kb)

Supplementary Table 3

Allele frequencies of 12 X-STRs in the Greenlandic (GRL), Danish (DK) and Somali (SOM) populations. (PDF 302 kb)

Supplementary Table 4

Haplotype frequencies for 4 X-chromosome linkage groups analysed with Argus X-12. (PDF 846 kb)

Supplementary Table 5

Pairwise F ST values calculated for 12 X-STRs. (PDF 571 kb)

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Tomas, C., Pereira, V. & Morling, N. Analysis of 12 X-STRs in Greenlanders, Danes and Somalis using Argus X-12. Int J Legal Med 126, 121–128 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-011-0609-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-011-0609-y

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