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Responses to elevated CO2 exposure in a freshwater mussel, Fusconaia flava

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Abstract

Freshwater mussels are some of the most imperiled species in North America and are particularly susceptible to environmental change. One environmental disturbance that mussels may encounter that remains understudied is an increase in the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2). The present study quantified the impacts of acute (6 h) and chronic (up to 32 days) exposures to elevated pCO2 on genes associated with shell formation (chitin synthase; cs) and the stress response (heat shock protein 70; hsp70) in Fusconaia flava. Oxygen consumption (MO2) was also assessed over the chronic CO2 exposure period. Although mussels exhibited an increase in cs following an acute exposure to elevated pCO2, long-term exposure resulted in a decrease in cs mRNA abundance, suggesting that mussels may invest less in shell formation during chronic exposure to elevated pCO2. In response to an acute elevation in pCO2, mussels increased hsp70 mRNA abundance in mantle and adductor muscle and a similar increase was observed in the gill and adductor muscle in response to a chronic elevation in pCO2. A chronic elevation in pCO2 also increased mussel MO2. This overall increase in hsp70 mRNA levels and MO2 in F. flava indicates that exposure to elevated pCO2 initiates activation of the general stress response and an increased energy demand. Together, the results of the present study suggest that freshwater mussels respond to elevated pCO2 by increasing processes necessary to ‘deal with’ the stressor and, over the long-term, may reduce their investment in non-essential processes such as shell growth.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Illinois Department of Natural Resources, and the United States Geological Survey, through funds provided by the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. Funding was also provided by USFWS Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Project F-69-R, and the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch project ILLU-875-947. J. Tiemann, K. Cummings, J. Tix, C. Sullivan, and J. Sherwood provided valuable help collecting mussels. We would also like to thanks A. Wright for providing valuable help with mussel husbandry and laboratory assistance, as well as S. Adhikari for her assistance with molecular techniques.

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  1. Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA

    Jennifer D. Jeffrey, Kelly D. Hannan, Caleb T. Hasler & Cory D. Suski

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  1. Jennifer D. Jeffrey
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Correspondence to Jennifer D. Jeffrey.

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Communicated by H.V. Carey.

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Jeffrey, J.D., Hannan, K.D., Hasler, C.T. et al. Responses to elevated CO2 exposure in a freshwater mussel, Fusconaia flava . J Comp Physiol B 187, 87–101 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-016-1023-z

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