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Endogenous Phytohormones in Spontaneously Regenerated Centaurium erythraea Rafn. Plants Grown In Vitro

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Abstract

Phytohormones are important regulators of numerous developmental and physiological processes in plants. Spontaneous morphogenesis of the common centaury (Centaurium erythraea Rafn.) is possible on nutrition medium without addition of any plant growth regulator depending solely on endogenous phytohormone levels. Thus, this plant species represents a very good model system for the investigation of numerous physiological processes under phytohormonal control in vitro. We analysed the total amount of endogenous cytokinins (CKs) including the contents of their individual groups in shoots and roots of C. erythraea plants grown in vitro. The total amount of endogenous CKs was 1.4 times higher in shoots than in roots. Inactive or weakly active N-glucosides found to predominate in both organs of centaury plants, whereas free bases and O-glucosides represented only a small portion of the total CK pool. Consequently, centaury roots showed higher IAA content as well as IAA/free CK base ratios compared to shoots. Centaury tissues also showed increased levels of “stress hormones”. In contrast to SA, considerably higher levels of ABA were found in centaury shoots than in roots. Our results could serve as a basis for understanding and elucidating spontaneous de novo shoot organogenesis and further plant regeneration of C. erythraea in vitro.

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Abbreviations

ADP:

Adenosine diphosphate

AMP:

Adenosine monophosphate

CK:

Cytokinin

cisZ:

cis-zeatin

cisZ7G:

cis-zeatin 7-glucoside

cisZ9G:

cis-zeatin 9-glucoside

cisZOG:

cis-zeatin O-glucoside

cisZR:

cis-zeatin 9-riboside

cisZRMP:

cis-zeatin 9-riboside-5′-monophosphate

cisZROG:

cis-zeatin 9-riboside O-glucoside

DHZ:

Dihydrozeatin

DHZ7G:

Dihydrozeatin 7-glucoside

DHZ9G:

Dihydrozeatin 9-glucoside

DHZOG:

Dihydrozeatin O-glucoside

DHZR:

Dihydrozeatin 9-riboside

DHZRMP:

Dihydrozeatin 9-riboside-5′-monophosphate

DHZROG:

Dihydrozeatin 9-riboside O-glucoside

iP:

N 6-(∆2-isopentenyl)adenine

iP7G:

N 6-(∆2- isopentenyl)adenine 7-glucoside

iP9G:

N 6-(∆2- isopentenyl)adenine 9-glucoside

iPR:

N 6-(∆2- isopentenyl)adenine 9-riboside

iPRMP:

N 6-(∆2- isopentenyl)adenine 9-riboside-5′-monophosphate

transZ:

trans-zeatin

transZ7G:

trans-zeatin 7-glucoside

transZ9G:

trans-zeatin 9-glucoside

transZOG:

trans-zeatin O-glucoside

transZR:

trans-zeatin 9-riboside

transZRMP:

trans-zeatin 9-riboside-5′-monophosphate

transZROG:

trans-zeatin 9-riboside O-glucoside

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (Grant No. ON173015) and the Czech Science Foundation (P506/11/0774).

Authors contribution

M. Trifunović-Momčilov and M. Petrić contributed to all in vitro experiments. M. Trifunović-Momčilov and V. Motyka contributed in data analyses and manuscript preparation. J. Holík, J. Malbeck and P.I. Dobrev contributed to all experimental work considering endogenous plant hormones analyses. S. Jevremović contributed to all statistical analyses. I.Č. Dragićević contributed to data analyses and obtained result’s interpretation. A. Subotić supervised the whole study and also contributed in preparing the final manuscript.

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia

      Milana Trifunović-Momčilov, Marija Petrić, Slađana Jevremović & Angelina Subotić

    2. Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16502, Prague 6, Czech Republic

      Václav Motyka, Jiří Malbeck, Josef Holík & Petre I. Dobrev

    3. Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia

      Ivana Č. Dragićević

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    1. Milana Trifunović-Momčilov
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    2. Václav Motyka
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    3. Ivana Č. Dragićević
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    5. Slađana Jevremović
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    Correspondence to Milana Trifunović-Momčilov.

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    Milana Trifunović-Momčilov and Václav Motyka have contributed equally to this work.

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    Supplementary Fig. F1

    The rate of individual CK groups in total CK content in Centaurium erythraea shoots (a) and roots (b) grown in vitro

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    Trifunović-Momčilov, M., Motyka, V., Dragićević, I.Č. et al. Endogenous Phytohormones in Spontaneously Regenerated Centaurium erythraea Rafn. Plants Grown In Vitro. J Plant Growth Regul 35, 543–552 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-015-9558-x

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