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Application of an ice-ocean coupled model to Bohai Sea ice simulation

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Abstract

The HAMSOM (Hamburg Shelf Ocean Model), a high-resolution regional ice-ocean coupled model, was applied to investigate the seasonal evolution of Bohai Sea ice for winter 2015/2016. HAMSOM was initialized with monthly climatological temperature and salinity data from WOA13 and driven by hourly meteorological data obtained from the NCEP above the sea surface and tides at the open boundary. The ice model used here is a modified Hibler-type dynamic-thermodynamic sea ice model based upon viscous-plastic rheology. The ice extent, concentration, area, thickness, length of ice season as well as the distance between the top of Liaodong Bay (North China) and the outer ice edge line were simulated and compared with the observed data. Three types of modeling experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of wind, tide, and both wind and tide on Bohai Sea ice. The results show that wind, as both a dynamic and a thermodynamic factor, has a significant impact on the ice thickness, ice area, and ice-freezing and ice breakup dates as well as the ice velocity, while tides are a dynamic factor that influences only the ice velocity. During the severe ice period, the wind speed intensity increased by 25%, the average ice thickness thickened by approximately 4.0 cm in Liaodong Bay, approximately 2.1 cm in Bohai Bay and approximately 2.5 cm in Laizhou Bay, and the total ice coverage area and total ice actual area increased by about 2×104 km2 and 1.4×104 km2, respectively. While the tidal amplitude intensity increased by 25%, the average ice velocity increased by approximately 0.1 m/s.

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Acknowledgment

Thanks should be given to the National Super Computing Center in Jinan, China, for providing the computing resources and Ms. LIU Xin for the computing support. We thank Dr. Thomas Pohlmann from the University of Hamburg, Germany, for providing the HAMSOM codes with ice model as well as his helpful suggestions. We would also like to thank Mr. LI Wenguo from the University of Hamburg, Germany, and Dr. CHEN Xinping from the Ocean Disaster Reduction Center of the State Oceanic Administration for the discussions during the research. We are grateful the comments and suggestions from three anonymous reviewers that helped to improve the manuscript significantly.

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  1. College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China

    Bin Jia & Xue’en Chen

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  1. Bin Jia
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  2. Xue’en Chen
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Correspondence to Xue’en Chen.

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Supported by the Project “Oceanic Instruments Standardization Sea Trials (OISST)”, the National Key Research and Development Plan (No. 2016YFC1401300), and the Taishan Scholars Program

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Jia, B., Chen, X. Application of an ice-ocean coupled model to Bohai Sea ice simulation. J. Ocean. Limnol. 39, 1–13 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-020-9168-8

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