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Apodized 2f/1f wavelength modulation spectroscopy method for calibration-free trace detection of carbon monoxide in the near-infrared region: theory and experiment

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Abstract

We introduce the basics of an apodized 2f/1f wavelength modulation method for the spectroscopy of the R(9) transition line in the first overtone band of carbon monoxide (12C16O) in near-infrared (NIR) region around 2.33 μm. Performance of the method is investigated for high gas concentrations beyond the optically thin limit to generalize common 2f/1f wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) reported by Rieker et al. (Appl Opt 48:5546, [28]). Numerical simulations are performed based on real experimental parameters associated with a NIR spectrometer designed in our laboratory. The results primarily show a more linear response and less error than occurred in the common WMS-2f/1f method for an optically thick sample. It is also theoretically shown that the apodized method enables sharpening the spectrum without peak displacement compared to the common WMS-2f/1f method. The validity of the method is verified experimentally by the trace detection of an air-broadened R(9) CO absorption line centered at 4,294.637 cm−1 at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The effect of a so-called scaling k-factor on the sharpening of WMS-2f/1f signal is investigated through trace simulation and detection of CO and methane (CH4) lines in the scanning range of a distributed feedback laser. The obtained results show very good agreement between simulation and experiment.

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Acknowledgement

We acknowledge partial supports by the Mobarakeh Steel Company through grant 48222675 and the Shahid Montazeri power plant through grant 880/3050/110. We also wish to acknowledge the office of graduate studies at the university of Isfahan for their support and research facilities.

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  1. Department of Physics, University of Isfahan, 81746-73441, Isfahan, Iran

    Seyedali Hosseinzadeh Salati & Alireza Khorsandi

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  1. Seyedali Hosseinzadeh Salati
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  2. Alireza Khorsandi
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Correspondence to Seyedali Hosseinzadeh Salati.

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Hosseinzadeh Salati, S., Khorsandi, A. Apodized 2f/1f wavelength modulation spectroscopy method for calibration-free trace detection of carbon monoxide in the near-infrared region: theory and experiment. Appl. Phys. B 116, 521–531 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-013-5728-3

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