Abstract
We discovered a new species of Porifera belonging to the genus Isodictya Bowerbank, 1864 during cruises aboard R/V Hesperides in Antarctica. Collected samples are mostly part of the surveys of the Spanish project BENTART whose main objective has been to study the benthic communities inhabiting sea bottoms of Livingston and Deception Island in the South Shetlands archipelago and the Antarctic Peninsula. Isodictya filiformis sp. nov., described here, is characterized by its fragile and thin morphology (very different from other known species in the area) and by having microxeas as additional microscleres. Three specimens were collected from Marguerite Bay, Low Island and Deception Island (Antarctic Peninsula) and one specimen at Peter I Island (Bellingshausen Sea). Its presence in Peter Island is quite relevant as this location is 390 km away from the nearest coast in the Bellingshausen Sea, an area that has scarcely been investigated in the past. However, results from the Bentart 03 Expedition seem to indicate that Peter I Island has a wide variety of benthic organisms, in contrast to the deep adjacent areas of Bellingshausen Sea. Apart from the morphological analyses, we place the new Isodictya species within its phylogenetic context using two nuclear markers (18S rDNA and 28S rDNA) and provide some information about the ecological preferences of the new species.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aldea C, Troncoso JS (2008) Systematics and distribution of shelled molluscs (Gastropoda, Bivalvia and Scaphopoda) from the South Shetland Islands to the Bellingshausen Sea West Antarctica. Iberus 26(2):43–117
Aldea C, Olabarria C, Troncoso J (2008) Bathymetric zonation and diversity gradient of gastropods and bivalves in West Antarctica from the South Shetland Islands to the Bellingshausen Sea. Deep Sea Res I 55(3):350–368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2007.12.002
Aldea C, Troncoso JS (2010) Moluscos del mar de Bellingshausen (Antartica). Observaciones y distribución de los gasterópodos con concha, bivalvos y scafópodos del oeste de la península Antartica recolectados en las campañas antarticas españolas BENTART 2003 y 2006. Edición propia, Vigo
Aldea C, Zelaya DG, Troncoso JS (2011) A new gigantic species of Zeidora Adams, 1860 from Antarctic waters (Gastropoda: Fissurellidae). Nautilus-Sanibel 125(2):79
Ameneiro J, Mouriño-Carballido B, Parapar J, Vázquez E (2012) Abundance and distribution of invertebrate larvae in the Bellingshausen Sea (West Antarctica). Polar Biol 35:1359–1373. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-012-1177-4
Arana PM, Retamal MA (1999) Nueva distribución de Paralomis birsteini Macpherson, 1988 en aguas antarticas (Anomura, Lithodidae, Lithodinae). Investig Mar 27:101–110. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-71781999002700011
Bowerbank JS (1864) A Monograph of the British Spongiadae, vol. 1, Ray Society, London, pp i–xx, 1–290
Burton M (1932) Sponges. Discov Rep 6:237–392
Burton M (1934) Sponges. Further zoological results of the swedish antarctic expedition 1901–1903 under the direction of Dr. Otto Nordenskjöld. 3(2). Norstedt & Söner, Stockholm, pp 1–58
Cárdenas P, Pérez T, Boury-Esnault N (2012) Sponge systematics facing new challenges. In: Becerro MA, Uriz MJ, Maldonado M, Turon X (eds) Advances in sponge science: phylogeny, systematics, ecology. Adv Mar Biol 61:79–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-387787-1.00010-6
Corbera J, Ramos A (2005) Cumaceans from the Bellingshausen Sea and neighbouring waters. In: Thatje S, Calcagno JA, Arntz WE (eds) Evolution of Antarctic Fauna. Extended abstracts of the IBMANT/ANDEEP International Symposium and Workshop in 2003. Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung 507:125–128
Corbera J, San Vicente C, Sorbe JC (2009) Cumaceans (Crustacea) from the Bellingshausen Sea and oV the western Antarctic Peninsula: a deep-water link with fauna of the surrounding oceans. Polar Biol 32:611–622. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-008-0561-6
Cristobo FJ, Urgorri V, Solórzano MR, Ríos P (1993) Métodos de recogida, estudio y conservación de las colecciones de poríferos. Int Symp First World Congr Preserv Conserv Nat Hist Collect 2:277–287
Dendy A (1922) Report on the Sigmatotetraxonida collected by H.M.S. ‘Sealark' in the Indian Ocean. In: Gardiner JS (ed) Reports of the Percy Sladen trust expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, London, pp 1–164
Dendy A (1924) Porifera. Part I. Non-Antarctic sponges. Natural History Report. British Antarctic (Terra Nova) Expedition, 1910 (Zoology). 6 (3): 269–392
Desqueyroux R (1975) Esponjas (Porifera) de la region antartica chilena. Cah Biol Mar 16(1):47–82
Eakin RR, Eastman JT, Near TJ (2009) A new species and a molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Antarctic fish genus Pogonophryne (Notothenioidei: Artedidraconidae). Copeia 4:705–713. https://doi.org/10.1643/CI-09-024
Eakin RR, Eastman JT, Matallanas J (2008) New species of Pogonophryne (Pisces, Artedidraconidae) from the Bellingshausen Sea. Antarct Polar Biol 31:1175–1179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-008-0455-7
Ellis J, Solander D (1786) The natural history of many curious and uncommon zoophytes collected from various parts of the globe. Systematically arranged and described by the late Daniel Solander. Benjamin White & Son, London, pp 1–206
Esper ECJ (1794) Die Pflanzenthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Farben erleuchtet nebst Beschreibungen Zweyter Theil. Raspe, Nürnberg, pp 1–303
Fernández-Álvarez FA, Anadón N (2012) Oligodendrorhynchus hesperides gen. et sp. N. (Heteronemertea) from the Bellingshausen Sea. Pol Polar Res 33(1):81–98. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10183-012-0006-3
Fernández-Álvarez FA, Anadón N (2013) Redescription of Tubulanus mawsoni (Wheeler 1940) comb nov (Palaeonemertea: Tubulanidae) from the Bellingshausen Sea (Antarctica). N Z J Zool 40(4):263–279. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2013.778302
Garcia-Alvarez O, Zamarro M, Urgorri V (2010) New species of Mollusca Solenogastres from the Bellingshausen Sea and the Antarctic Peninsula (Bentart2006 Expedition). Iberus 28(2):23–38
García-Raso JE, Manjón-Cabeza ME, Ramos A, Olaso I (2005) New record of Lithodidae (Crustacea Decapoda, Anomura) from the Antarctic (Bellingshausen Sea). Polar Biol 28:642–646. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-005-0722-9
Giribet G, Wheeler WC (2001) Some unusual small-subunit ribosomal RNA sequences of metazoans. Am Mus Novit 3337:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0082(2001)337%3c0001:SUSSRR%3e2.0.CO;2
Goodwin C, Jones J, Neely K, Brickle P (2016) Sponge biodiversity of Beauchêne and the Sea Lion Islands and south-east East Falkland, Falkland Islands, with a description of nine new species. In Schönberg CHL, Fromont J, Hooper NA, Sorokin S, Zhang W, de Voogd N (eds) New Frontiers in Sponge Science. J Mar Biol Assoc U K 96:263–290. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315414001775
Hajdu E, Lôbo-Hajdu G (2002) Family Isodictyidae Dendy, 1924. In: Hooper JNA, Van Soest RWM (eds) Systema Porifera A guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, pp 703–706
Hentschel E (1923) Erste Unterabteilung der Metazoa: Parazoa, Porifera-Schwämme. In: Kükenthal W, Krumbach T (eds) Handbuch der Zoologie Eine Naturgeschichteder Stämme des Tierreiches. Protozoa, Porifera, Coelenterata, Mesozoa Walter de Gruyter und Co, Berlin
Janussen D, Downey RV (2014) Porifera. In: De Broyer C, Koubbi P, Griffiths HJ, Raymond B, d'Udekem d'Acoz C, Van de Putte A, Danis B, David D, Grant S, Gutt J, Held C, Hosie G, Huettmann F, Post A, Ropert-Coudert Y (eds) Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, Cambridge, pp 94–102
Katoh K, Standley DM (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. Mol Biol Evol 30(4):772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010
Kirkpatrick R (1907) Preliminary Report on the Monaxonellida of the National Antarctic Expedition. Ann Mag Nat Hist 7(20):271–291
Klages M, Gutt J, Starmans A, Bruns T (1995) Stone crabs close to the Antarctic continent: Lithodes murrayi Henderson, 1888 (Crustacea, Decapoda; Anomura) off Peter I Island (68°51’S,90°51’W). Polar Biol 15:73–75. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00236128
Koltun VM (1964) Sponges of the Antarctic. 1 Tetraxonida and Cornacuspongida. In: Pavlovskii EP, Andriyashev AP and Ushakov PV (eds), Biological Reports of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (1955–1958), Akademya Nauk SSSR [English translation,1966, Israel Program for Scientific Translation] pp. 6–133, 443–448
Lévi C (1963) Spongiaires d'Afrique du Sud (1) Poecilosclérides. Trans R Soc South Afr. 37(1):1–72
López E (2011) A new species of Laonice (Spionidae, Polychaeta, Annelida) from Bellingshausen Sea (West Antarctica). Helgol Mar Res 65(2):257–261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10152-011-0248-1
López-Fé CM (2005) Cheilostomate Bryozoa of the Bellingshausen Sea (Western Antarctica): a preliminary report of the results of the 'Bentart 2003' Spanish Expedition. In: Moyano M, Cacho C, Wyse J (eds) Bryozoan studies 2004. Taylor and Francis, London, pp 173–179
Matallanas J, Olaso I (2007) Fishes of the Bellingshausen Sea and Peter I Island. Polar Biol 30:333–341
Matallanas J (2009a) Description of Gosztonyia antarctica, a new genus and species of Zoarcidae (Teleostei: Perciformes) from the Antarctic Ocean. Polar Biol 32(1):15–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-008-0496-y
Matallanas J (2009b) Description of a new genus and species of zoarcid fish, Bellingshausenia olasoi, from the Bellingshausen Sea (Southern Ocean). Polar Biol 32(6):873–878. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-009-0588-3
Matallanas J (2010) Description of two new genera, Santelmoa and Bentartia and two new species of Zoarcidae (Teleostei, Perciformes) from the Southern Ocean. Polar Biol 33(5):659–672. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-009-0742-y
Matallanas J, Corbella C, Møller PR (2012) Description of two new species of Santelmoa (Teleostei, Zoarcidae) from the Southern Ocean. Polar Biol 35:1395–1405. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-012-1179-2
Moreira J, Parapar J (2011) Sphaerodoridae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Bellingshausen Sea (Antarctica) with the description of two new species. Polar Biol 34:193–204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-010-0869-x
Morrow C, Cárdenas P (2015) Proposal for a revised classification of the Demospongiae (Porifera). Front Zool 12:7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12983-015-0099-8
Morrow CC, Picton BE, Erpenbeck D, Boury-Esnault N, Maggs CA, Allcock AL (2012) Congruence between nuclear and mitochondrial genes in Demospongiae: a new hypothesis for relationships within the G4 clade (Porifera: Demospongiae). Mol Phyl Evolut 62:174–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2011.09.016
Moya F, Saucède T, Manjón-Cabeza ME (2012) Environmental control on the structure of echinoid assemblages in the Bellingshausen Sea (Antarctica). Polar Biol 35(9):1343–1357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-012-1176-5
Munilla T, Soler-Membrives A (2009) Check-list of the pycnogonids from Antarctic and sub-Antarctic waters: zoogeographic implications. Antarct Sci 21(2):99–111. https://doi.org/10.1017/S095410200800151X
Munilla T, Soler-Membrives A (2015) Pycnogonida from the Bellingshausen and Amundsen seas: taxonomy and biodiversity. Polar Biology 38(3): 413–430 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-014-1585-8, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-014-1603-x (Erratum)
O’Loughlin PM, Manjón-Cabeza ME, Moya Ruiz F (2009) Antarctic Holothuroids from The Bellingshausen Sea, with descriptions of new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Zootaxa 2016:1–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.185959
Pallas PS (1766) Elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrationes generaliores et specierum cognitarum succintas descriptiones, cum selectis auctorum synonymis. Fransiscum Varrentrapp, Hagae, p 451
Parapar J, López E, Gambi MC, Núñez J, Ramos A (2011) Quantitative analysis of soft-bottom polychaetes of the Bellingshausen Sea and Gerlache Strait (Antarctica). Polar Biol 34:715–730. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-010-0927-4
Parapar J, Moreira J, Gambi MC, Caramelo C (2013) Morphology and biology of Laetmonice producta producta Grube (Polychaeta: Aphroditidae) in the Bellingshausen Sea and Antarctic Peninsula (Southern Ocean, Antarctica). Ital J Zool 80(2):255–272. https://doi.org/10.1080/11250003.2012.758783
Redmond NE, Morrow CC, Thacker RW, Diaz MC, Boury-Esnault N, Cárdenas P, Hajdu E, Lôbo-Hajdu G, Picton BE, Pomponi SA, Kayal E (2013) Phylogeny and systematics of Demospongiae in light of new small-subunit ribosomal DNA (18S) sequences. Integr Comp Biol 53(3):388–415. https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/ict078
Ridley SO, Dendy A (1886) Preliminary report on the Monaxonida collected by H.M.S. Challenger Part I. Ann Mag Nat Hist 18:325–351
Ríos P (2006) Esponjas del orden Poecilosclerida de las campañas españolas de bentos Antártico. PhD Thesis, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela
Ríos P, Cristobo FJ, Urgorri V (2004) Poecilosclerida (Porifera, Demospongiae) collected by the spanish antarctic expedition BENTART–94. Cah Biol Mar 45:97–119
Rützler K (1978) Sponges on coral reef. In: Stoddart DR, Johanness RE (eds) Coral reefs: research methods. UNESCO, Paris, pp 81–120
Saiz JI, García F, Manjón-Cabeza ME, Parapar J, Peña-Cantero A, Saucede T, Troncoso JS, Ramos A (2008) Community structure and spatial distribution of benthic fauna in the Bellingshausen Sea (West Antarctica). Polar Biol 31:735–743. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-008-0414-3
San Vicente C (2007) A new species of Marumomysis (Mysidacea: Mysidae: Erythropini) from the benthos of the Bellingshausen Sea (Southern Ocean). Sci Mar 71(4):683–690
San Vicente C, Sorbe JC (2008) Hansenomysis anaramosae n. sp., a new suprabenthic mysid (Crustacea: Mysidacea: Petalophthalmidae) from the Bellingshausen Sea (Southern Ocean). Org Divers Evolut 8:21–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ode.2006.08.005
San Vicente C, Munilla T, Corbera J, Sorbe JC, Ramos A (2009) Suprabenthic fauna from Bellingshausen Sea and West Antarctic Peninsula: spatial distribution and community structure. Sci Mar 73(2):357–368. https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2009.73n2357
Sollas WJ (1885) A classification of the Sponges. Ann Mag Nat Hist 16(95):395
Stamatakis A (2006) Raxml-vi-hpc: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic ana-lyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. Bioinformatics 22:2688–2690. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl446
Stephens J (1915) Atlantic sponges collected by the scottish national antarctic expedition. Trans R Soc Edinb 50(2):423–467
Thacker RW, Hill AL, Hill MS, Redmond NE, Collins AG, Morrow CC, Spicer L, Carmack CA, Zappe ME, Pohlmann D, Hall C (2013) Nearly complete 28S rRNA gene sequences confirm new hypotheses of sponge evolution. Integr Comp Biol 53:373–387. https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/ict071
Thiele J (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwämme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbücher Supplement 6 (Fauna Chiliensis III): 407–496
Topsent E (1916) Diagnoses d'éponges recueillies dans l'Antarctique par le Pourquoi-Pas? Bull Mus Nat Hist Nat 22(3):163–172
Topsent E (1928) Spongiaires de l'Atlantique et de la Méditerranée provenant des croisières du Prince Albert ler de Monaco. Résultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco 74:1–376
Troncoso JS, Aldea C (2008) Macrobenthic mollusc assemblages and diversity in the West Antarctica from the South Shetland Islands to the Bellingshausen Sea. Polar Biol 31:1253–1265. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-008-0464-6
Troncoso JS, Aldea C, Arnaud P, Ramos A, García F (2007) Quantitative analysis of soft-bottom molluscs in the Bellingshausen Sea and around Peter I Island. Polar Res 26(2):126–134. https://doi.org/10.3402/polar.v26i2.6226
Van Soest RWM, Boury-Esnault N, Hooper JNA, Rützler K, de Voogd NJ, Alvarez B, Hajdu E, Pisera AB, Manconi R, Schönberg C, Klautau M, Kelly M, Vacelet J, Dohrmann M, Díaz MC, Cárdenas P, Carballo JL, Ríos P, Downey R, Morrow CC (2020) World Porifera Database. 10.14284/359. https://www.marinespecies.org/porifera. Accessed 12 Mar 2020
Van Soest RWM, Hajdu E (2002) Family Esperiopsidae Hentschel, 1923. In: Hooper JNA, Van Soest RWM (eds) Systema Porifera A guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York
Varela MM, Ramos-Esplá A (2008) Didemnum bentarti (Chordata: Tunicata) a new species from the Bellingshausen Sea. Antarct Polar Biol 31(2):209–213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-007-0348-1
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Clare Valentine of the Natural History Museum of London (NHM) who kindly provided the material of material Isodictya delicata var. megachela NHMUK 1933.3.17.7 (wet specimen) and NHMUK 1933.3.17.7a (slide) for examination. We would like to thank the crew and UTM technicians of R/V ‘Hespérides’, who helped in the collection of samples, Ana Ramos and the colleagues of BENTART team and to Manuel Ballesteros, Conxita Avila and Laura Núñez-Pons, colleagues of ECOQUIM and ACTIQUIM, who helped in several parts of this work. We also thank the reviewers for their constructive comments to a previous version of this manuscript.
Funding
This study was funded by the BENTART projects: Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology REN2001-1074ANT, REN2003-01881/ANT, REN2003-00545/ANT and MEC CGL2004-21066-E and a contribution to the ECOQUIM-2 (CGL2004-03356/ANT) and ACTIQUIM (CGL2007-65453/ANT) projects. The ‘BENTART-06′ cruise was funded by the Antarctic Programme GLC2004-01856/ANT of the Spanish Government. Sequencing was performed using internal funds to AR at the Natural History Museum of London (DIF: SDF14029).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ríos, P., Riesgo, A., Taboada, S. et al. A new species of Isodictya (Porifera: Poecilosclerida) from the Southern Ocean. Polar Biol 43, 523–533 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-020-02654-x
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-020-02654-x