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Decoupling light harvesting, electron transport and carbon fixation during prolonged darkness supports rapid recovery upon re-illumination in the Arctic diatom Chaetoceros neogracilis

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Abstract

During winter in the Arctic marine ecosystem, diatoms have to survive long periods of darkness caused by low sun elevations and the presence of sea ice covered by snow. To better understand how diatoms survive in the dark, we subjected cultures of the Arctic diatom Chaetoceros neogracilis to a prolonged period of darkness (1 month) and to light resupply. Chaetoceros neogracilis was not able to grow in the dark but cell biovolume remained constant after 1 month in darkness. Rapid resumption of photosynthesis and growth recovery was also found when the cells were transferred back to light at four different light levels ranging from 5 to 154 µmol photon m−2 s−1. This demonstrates the remarkable ability of this species to re-initiate growth over a wide range of irradiances even after a prolonged period in the dark with no apparent lag period or impact on survival. Such recovery was possible because C. neogracilis cells preserved their Chl a content and their light absorption capabilities. Carbon fixation capacity was down-regulated (ninefold dark decrease in \(P_{\text{m}}^{\text{C}}\)) much more than was the photochemistry in PSII (2.3-fold dark decrease in ETRm). Rubisco content, which remained unchanged after one month in the dark, was not responsible for the decrease in \(P_{\text{m}}^{\text{C}}\). The decrease in PSII activity was partially related to the induction of sustained non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) as we observed an increase in diatoxanthin content after one month in the dark.

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Acknowledgements

We thank a joint contribution to the research programs of UMI Takuvik, ArcticNet (Network Centres of Excellence of Canada), the Canada Excellence Research Chair in Remote Sensing of Canada’s New Arctic Frontier, and the Canada Research Chair program.

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  1. Thomas Lacour

    Present address: IFREMER, Physiol & Biotechnol Algae Labs, Rue Ile Yeu, BP21105, 44311, Nantes Cedex 03, France

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  1. Takuvik Joint International Laboratory, CNRS (France) & ULaval (Canada), Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, Local 2078, 1045, Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada

    Thomas Lacour, Philippe-Israël Morin, Théo Sciandra, Joannie Ferland & Marcel Babin

  2. Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, E4L1G7, Canada

    Natalie Donaher & Douglas A. Campbell

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Lacour, T., Morin, PI., Sciandra, T. et al. Decoupling light harvesting, electron transport and carbon fixation during prolonged darkness supports rapid recovery upon re-illumination in the Arctic diatom Chaetoceros neogracilis. Polar Biol 42, 1787–1799 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-019-02507-2

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