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Tracing sea ice algae into various benthic feeding types on the Chukchi Sea shelf

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Abstract

Climate change in the Arctic is expected to have drastic effects on marine primary production sources by shifting ice-associated primary production to an overall greater contribution from pelagic primary production. This shift could influence the timing, amount, and quality of algal material reaching the benthos. We determined the contribution of sea ice particulate organic matter (iPOM) to benthic-feeding invertebrates by examining concentrations and stable carbon isotope values (expressed as δ13C values) of three fatty acids (FAs) prominent in diatoms: 16:4(n-1), 16:1(n-7), and 20:5(n-3). Our underlying assumption was that diatoms make up the majority in sea ice algal communities compared with phytoplankton communities. According to the FA concentrations, subsurface deposit feeders consumed the most iPOM and suspension feeders the least. Conversely, there were little differences in δ13C values of FAs between deposit and suspension feeders, but the higher δ13C values of 16:1(n-7) in omnivores indicated greater consumption of iPOM. We suggest that omnivores accumulate the ice algal FA biomarker from their benthic prey, which in turn may feed on ice algae from a deposited sediment pool. The dissimilar results between FA concentrations and isotope values suggest that the FAs used here may not be sufficiently source specific and that other unaccounted production sources, such as bacteria, may also contribute to the FA pool. We propose that FA isotope values are a more indicative biomarker than FA concentrations, with a further need for more specific ice algal biomarkers to resolve the question of ice algal contributions to the Arctic benthic food web.

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Acknowledgements

This research was funded by the North Pacific Research Board project #1227 to KI (publication #643). This research was supported in part by a UAF Center for Global Change Student Research Grant with funds from the Cooperative Institute for Alaska Research. Additional travel funding was available through the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) graduate school and the UAF School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences Robert Byrd award. We would like to thank the scientists and crew of the Russian-American Long-term Census of the Arctic (RUSALCA) cruise, the Chukchi Sea Offshore Monitoring in Drilling Area (COMIDA) cruise and the Arctic Ecosystem Integrated Survey (Arctic Eis) cruise in 2012 for all of their help with sample collection. We would also like to thank Timothy Howe and Norma Haubenstock at the Alaska Stable Isotope Facility and Mette Kaufman (UAF) for laboratory assistance. Lastly, we would also like to thank Seth Danielson for graphics help, Arny Blanchard for statistical support, and Charlotte Regula-Whitefield for methodology assistance.

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  1. College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 905 N. Koyukuk Drive, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA

    T. Schollmeier, A. C. M. Oliveira, M. J. Wooller & K. Iken

  2. Alaska Stable Isotope Facility, Water and Environmental Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 306 Tanana Loop, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA

    M. J. Wooller

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  1. T. Schollmeier
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  2. A. C. M. Oliveira
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  3. M. J. Wooller
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  4. K. Iken
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Correspondence to T. Schollmeier.

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Schollmeier, T., Oliveira, A.C.M., Wooller, M.J. et al. Tracing sea ice algae into various benthic feeding types on the Chukchi Sea shelf. Polar Biol 41, 207–224 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-017-2182-4

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