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A transcriptomic analysis of the response of the arctic pteropod Limacina helicina to carbon dioxide-driven seawater acidification

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Abstract

Ocean acidification from the uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) is regarded as a critical threat particularly to marine calcifying organisms. The arctic pteropod Limacina helicina may be one of the first polar organisms that are expected to display early sensitivity to ocean acidification, but a molecular approach as a foundation for understanding the effect of ocean acidification on this pteropod has rarely been reported. In this study, we examined the sublethal effects of CO2-driven seawater acidification at the transcriptome level in L. helicina. cDNAs, treated under control (pH 8.2), high-CO2 (pH 7.5), and extreme-CO2 (pH 6.5) conditions, generated a total of 31,999,474 reads, comprising a total of 2,271,962,654 bp, using the Illumina platform. De novo assembly yielded 53,121 transcripts comprising 31.79 Mbp. Among the upregulated genes, 346 (0.7 %) and 655 (1.2 %) genes responded to extreme-level CO2 (pH 6.5) and high-level CO2 (pH 7.5), respectively. Also, 76 (0.1 %) transcripts were commonly upregulated in both conditions. Among the downregulated genes, 690 (1.3 %) and 739 (1.4 %) genes were in response to extreme-level CO2 and high-level CO2, respectively. Also, 270 downregulated genes (0.5 %) were affected in both acidic stress conditions. Moreover, 504 transcripts (1 %) of biomineralization-related genes were identified; 16 of these genes showed differential expression in response to acidified seawater. The dataset provides the first comprehensive overview of changes in transcript levels in the arctic pteropod L. helicina in response to increased CO2, emphasizing the potential impact of future environmental change and ocean acidification on Arctic species with external calcified structures.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Young Deuk Han for field and laboratory assistance. This work was supported by the Grant from Korea Polar Research Institute (PE15070).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea

    Hye Yeon Koh, Jun Hyuck Lee, Se Jong Han, Hyun Park, Seung Chul Shin & Sung Gu Lee

  2. Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, South Korea

    Jun Hyuck Lee, Se Jong Han, Hyun Park & Sung Gu Lee

  3. Department of Applied Marine Biotechnology and Engineering, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea

    Hye Yeon Koh

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Correspondence to Hyun Park, Seung Chul Shin or Sung Gu Lee.

Electronic supplementary material

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ESM_1

Differentially expressed gene profile (PDF 424 kb)

ESM_2

All enriched GO terms (PDF 66 kb)

ESM_3

List of Biomineralization-related genes in Limacina helicina (PDF 153 kb)

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Koh, H.Y., Lee, J.H., Han, S.J. et al. A transcriptomic analysis of the response of the arctic pteropod Limacina helicina to carbon dioxide-driven seawater acidification. Polar Biol 38, 1727–1740 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-015-1738-4

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