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Baseline and ongoing PET-derived factors predict detrimental effect or potential utility of 18F-FDG PET/CT (FDG-PET/CT) performed for surveillance in asymptomatic lymphoma patients in first remission

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Abstract

Purpose

To identify both clinical and FDG PET/CT-derived factors predicting the occurrence of relapse, or conversely, the likelihood of false positive findings in surveillance FDG-PET/CT studies (PETsv).

Methods

The study included 149 asymptomatic patients with Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) (n = 55) or diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (n = 94) in first remission. PETSv studies were performed 12, 18, 24 and 36 months thereafter. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify clinical and imaging-derived predictors of either PET-detected relapse or false-positive (FP) results. Tested clinical variables were: 1) age, 2) HL vs. DLBCL, 3) stage of disease, 4) bulky disease, 5) previous radiotherapy. PET/CT-derived variables were: 1) maximum standardized uptake value at baseline, 2) size-incorporated maximum standardized uptake value (SIMaxSUV) at baseline, 3) positive interim PET(PET-2), 4) presence of hot spots likely to be unrelated to the disease in final PET, 5) residual non-FDG avid mass.

Results

Accuracy was 88 % for PETsv1, 95 % for PETsv2, 95 % for PETsv3 and 91 % for PETsv4. However, PPV was relatively low in all PETsv. Best predictors of relapse were result of interim PET, HL versus NHL type, SIMaxSUV, age ≥ 60. Best predictors of FP were previous radiotherapy and hot spots unrelated to the disease in final PET.

Conclusions

The present study confirms the need of restricting the use of surveillance PET/CT to patients at high risk of relapse. Information derived from PET/CT performed at baseline (metabolic disease burden), in the course (PET2) and at the end of therapy (unrelated hot spots) can help to select high-risk patients and also to identify patients more likely to present equivocal findings at PETsv.

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Compliance with Ethical Standards

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. For retrospective studies such as our formal consent is not required. Additional informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Conflict of interests

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino – IST, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy

    Silvia Morbelli, Selene Capitanio, Francesca Bongioanni, Maria Teresa Verardi, Ambra Buschiazzo, Francesco Fiz, Elena Pomposelli & Gianmario Sambuceti

  2. Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, CNR, Genoa-Milan, Italy

    Fabrizio De Carli & Cecilia Marini

  3. Department of Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy

    Enrico De Astis & Maurizio Miglino

Authors
  1. Silvia Morbelli
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  2. Selene Capitanio
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Correspondence to Silvia Morbelli.

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Morbelli, S., Capitanio, S., De Carli, F. et al. Baseline and ongoing PET-derived factors predict detrimental effect or potential utility of 18F-FDG PET/CT (FDG-PET/CT) performed for surveillance in asymptomatic lymphoma patients in first remission. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 43, 232–239 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-015-3164-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-015-3164-9

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