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Safety of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in children for non-cardiac applications: a review by the Society for Pediatric Radiology (SPR) and the International Contrast Ultrasound Society (ICUS)

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Abstract

The practice of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in children is in the setting of off-label use or research. The widespread practice of pediatric contrast-enhanced US is primarily in Europe. There is ongoing effort by the Society for Pediatric Radiology (SPR) and International Contrast Ultrasound Society (ICUS) to push for pediatric contrast-enhanced US in the United States. With this in mind, the main objective of this review is to describe the status of US contrast agent safety in non-cardiac applications in children. The five published studies using pediatric intravenous contrast-enhanced US comprise 110 children. There is no mention of adverse events in these studies. From a European survey 948 children can be added. In that survey six minor adverse events were reported in five children. The intravesical administration of US contrast agents for diagnosis of vesicoureteric reflux entails the use of a bladder catheter. Fifteen studies encompassing 2,951 children have evaluated the safety of intravesical US contrast agents in children. A European survey adds 4,131 children to this group. No adverse events could be attributed to the contrast agent. They were most likely related to the bladder catheterization. The existing data on US contrast agent safety in children are encouraging in promoting the widespread use of contrast-enhanced US.

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Notes

  1. The study by Valentini et al. [71] includes 74 patients not identified by gender.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 34th Street and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Kassa Darge & Aikaterini Ntoulia

  2. Department of Radiology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece

    Frederica Papadopoulou & Aikaterini Ntoulia

  3. Department of Radiology, University of Ioannina, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Frederica Papadopoulou

  4. Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA

    Dorothy I. Bulas

  5. Department of Pediatric Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Brian D. Coley

  6. Division of Pediatric Imaging, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    Lynn A. Fordham

  7. Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hopsital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA

    Harriet J. Paltiel

  8. Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA

    Beth McCarville

  9. Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA

    Frank M. Volberg

  10. Imperial College School of Medicine, London, UK

    David O. Cosgrove

  11. Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Barry B. Goldberg

  12. Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Calgary, Canada

    Stephanie R. Wilson

  13. Section of Cardiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA

    Steven B. Feinstein

  14. Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) Task Force of the Society for Pediatric Radiology (SPR), Reston, VA, USA

    Kassa Darge, Dorothy I. Bulas, Brian D. Coley, Lynn A. Fordham, Harriet J. Paltiel, Beth McCarville & Frank M. Volberg

  15. International Contrast Ultrasound Society (ICUS), Chicago, IL, USA

    Kassa Darge, Harriet J. Paltiel, David O. Cosgrove, Barry B. Goldberg, Stephanie R. Wilson & Steven B. Feinstein

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  1. Kassa Darge
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Darge, K., Papadopoulou, F., Ntoulia, A. et al. Safety of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in children for non-cardiac applications: a review by the Society for Pediatric Radiology (SPR) and the International Contrast Ultrasound Society (ICUS). Pediatr Radiol 43, 1063–1073 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-013-2746-6

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