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Prediction of Fluid Responsiveness Using Pulse Pressure Variation in Infants Undergoing Ventricular Septal Defect Repair with Median Sternotomy or Minimally Invasive Right Thoracotomy

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Abstract

Fluid management is challenging in infants after cardiopulmonary bypass. Pulse pressure variation (PPV) derived from pressure recording analytical method (PRAM) is based on lung–heart interaction during mechanical ventilation. A prospective observational study conducted in operating room tested PPV to predict fluid responsiveness in ventricular septal defect infants. Infants in open chest conditions with median sternotomy (n = 26) or minimally invasive right thoracotomy (n = 29) undergoing ventricular septal defect repair were enrolled. After cardiopulmonary bypass and modified ultrafiltration, all patients received fluid challenge. PPV was recorded using PRAM along with heart rate, diastolic blood pressure, stroke volume index (SVI), and cardiac index (CI) before and after volume replacement. Patients were considered as responders to fluid loading when CI increased ≥15%. In infants with median sternotomy, 12 were responders and 14 non-responders. PPV in responders was higher than that in non-responders (24.7 ± 6.4 vs. 16.6 ± 5.0%, P < 0.01). Area under the curve was 0.85 (95% confidence interval, 0.69–1, P = 0.001) and cutoff value 19% with a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 71%. In infants with minimally invasive right thoracotomy, 16 were responders and 13 non-responders. PPV in responders was higher than that in non-responders (25.0 ± 6.8 vs. 18.2 ± 5.3, P < 0.01). Area under the curve was 0.83 (95 confidence interval, 0.66–0.98, P = 0.001) and cutoff value 18% with a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 69%. PPV sensitively predicts fluid responsiveness in ventricular septal defect infants after surgical repair in open chest conditions both with median sternotomy and minimally invasive right thoracotomy.

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Anesthesia Department, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Affiliated Children’s Hospital, Beijing, China

      Ding Han & Chuan Ou-Yang

    2. Division of Cardiac Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Affiliated Children’s Hospital, Beijing, China

      Yi Luo

    3. Clinical Physiology Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China

      Jia Li

    4. Anesthesia Center, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Anzhen Hospital, 2 Anzhen Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China

      Ya-Guang Liu & Chuan Ou-Yang

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    1. Ding Han
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    2. Ya-Guang Liu
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    3. Yi Luo
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    4. Jia Li
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    5. Chuan Ou-Yang
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    Correspondence to Chuan Ou-Yang.

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    Jia Li and Chuan Ou-Yang have contributed equally to this work.

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    Han, D., Liu, YG., Luo, Y. et al. Prediction of Fluid Responsiveness Using Pulse Pressure Variation in Infants Undergoing Ventricular Septal Defect Repair with Median Sternotomy or Minimally Invasive Right Thoracotomy. Pediatr Cardiol 38, 184–190 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-016-1500-x

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    • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-016-1500-x

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