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Sympatry and allopatry in the deeply divergent mitochondrial DNA clades of the estuarine pulmonate gastropod genus Phallomedusa (Mollusca, Gastropoda)

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Abstract

DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene were collected from estuarine snails in the genus Phallomedusa to examine the effects of estuarine isolation on population structure and gene flow. Three clades were recovered, one corresponding to Phallomedusa austrina and two others with the morphology of Phallomedusa solida. The haplotype diversity in all three clades indicated recent population expansion. Phallomedusa austrina was restricted to the west of a previous land bridge in the Bass Strait between mainland Australia and Tasmania, and P. solida to its east and to northern Tasmania. Phylogeographic analysis of P. austrina and P. solida shows strong geographic separation of species, but no local genetic structure indicative of regional or estuarine isolation. The clades of P. solida exhibit substantial genetic divergence and were sympatric across their entire distribution in eastern Tasmania and mainland Australia. Such a situation, which has not previously been observed in phylogeographic studies of southeast Australia, suggests that P. solida has had a complex refugial history during periods of environmental challenge.

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Acknowledgments

Funding for this project was provided by the Australian Museum and the James N. Kirby Foundation. REG was supported by a Chadwick Biodiversity Fellowship from the Australian Museum. Assistance from the Australian Museum DNA laboratory and malacology collections staff is gratefully acknowledged. Two anonymous reviewers are thanked for their comments.

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  1. Rosemary E. Golding

    Present address: Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60605, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia

    Rosemary E. Golding, Donald J. Colgan, Guy Nelmes & Tina Reutelshöfer

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  1. Rosemary E. Golding
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  2. Donald J. Colgan
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Correspondence to Rosemary E. Golding.

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Communicated by T. Reusch.

Appendix

Appendix

See Table 5 below.

Table 5 Location data, Australian museum registration numbers, and Genbank accession numbers for samples from each location and for outgroups
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Golding, R.E., Colgan, D.J., Nelmes, G. et al. Sympatry and allopatry in the deeply divergent mitochondrial DNA clades of the estuarine pulmonate gastropod genus Phallomedusa (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Mar Biol 158, 1259–1269 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-011-1646-2

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