Abstract
The present work concerns the novel application of a phenolic compound extraction methodology to leaves of Actinidea deliciosa. Recent studies have shown that crop residues could be raw material for recovery of natural bioactive compounds. Phenolic compounds from Actinidea deliciosa leaves were extracted with hot water, purified using reverse phase chromatography and mucilage precipitation with ethanol. The composition of the purified fraction was determined by HPLC-DAD and LC-MSn. Quercitrin, rutin, proantocyanidin B and C, quinic acid, myricitrin, and triterpene acid-O-hexoside were found. These compounds were present in all the fractions. The antioxidant activity was determined as general radical scavenging capacity, lipid peroxidation prevention, and NO radical scavenging activity. Values of EC50 of 9.4 μg/mL, IC50 of 152.5 μg/mL, and IC50 of 81 μg/mL were determined, respectively. The best period of the year to obtain a high fraction of phenolic compounds (120 µg/mg of extract) from A. deliciosa leaves was December. The phenolic fraction obtained with hot water and ethanol precipitation is a promising good source of natural bioactive compounds and an easy method of taking advantage of the leaves from A. deliciosa. To the best of our knowledge, there are no previous works on the use of the residual leaves of this fruit tree. Several phenolic compounds with high antioxidant activity were extracted and identified in this plant for the first time.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Santana-Méridas O, González-Coloma A, Vioque RS (2012) Agriculture residues as source of bioactive. Phytochem Rev 11:447–466
Manach C, Scalbert A, Morand C, Rémésy C, Jiménez L (2004) Polyphenols: food sources and bioavailability. Am J Clin Nutr 79:727–747
Lobo V, Patil A, Phatak A, Chandra N (2010) Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: impact on human health. Pharmacogn Rev 4:118–126
Pandey KB, Rizvi SI (2009) Plant polyphenols as dietary antioxidant in human health and disease. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2:270–278
EU: Extension of use of extracts of rosemary (E 392) in fat-based spreads. https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/4090. Accessed 10 Oct 2016
Shebis Y, Iluz D, Kinel-Tahan Y, Dubinsky Z, Yaron Yehoshua Y (2013) Natural antioxidants: function and sources. Food Nutr Sci 4:643–649
Misra B, Kameshwari S (2016) Extraction and sugar composition of mucilage in urginea indica/drimia indica (roxb) kunth hyacinthaceae. Int. J Pharm Pharm Sci 8:335–338
Choudhary PD, Pawar HA (2014) Recently Investigated Natural Gums and Mucilages as Pharmaceutical Excipients: An Overview. J Pharm 2014 204849:9. doi:10.1155/2014/204849
Dai J, Mumper RJ (2010) Plant Phenolics: extraction, analysis and their antioxidant and anticancer properties. Molecules 15:7313–7352
Nayak B, Dahmnoune F, Moussi K, Remini H, Dairi S, Aoun O, Khodir M (2015) Comparison of microwave, ultrasound and accelerated-assisted solvent extraction for recovery of polyphenols from Citrus sinensis peels. Food Chem 187:507–516
Mustapa AN, Martin Á, Mato RB, Cocero MJ (2015) Extraction of phytocompounds from the medicinal plant Clinacanthus nutans Lindau by microwave-assisted extraction and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. Ind Crops Prod 74:83–94
Xavier L, Freire MS, Vidal-Tato I, González-Álvarez J (2015) Application of aqueous two phase systems based on polyethylene glycol and sodium citrate for the recovery of phenolic compounds from Eucalyptus wood. Maderas Cienc Tecnol 17:345–354
Falé PL, Amaral F, Madeira PJA, Silva MS, Florêncio MH, Frazão FN, Serralheiro ML (2012) Acetylcholinesterase inhibition, antioxidant activity and toxicity of Peumus boldus water extracts on HeLa and Caco-2 cell lines. Food Chem Toxicol 50:2656–2662
Falé PL, Ferreira C, Rodrigues AM, Cleto P, Amorim PJ, Florêncio MH, Frazão FN, Serralheiro ML (2013) Antioxidant and anti-Acetylcholinesterase activity of commercially available medicinal infusions after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. J Med Plants Res 7:1370–1378
Li S, Li SK, Gan RY, Song F-L, Kuang L, Li H-B (2013) Antioxidant capacities and total phenolic contents of infusions from223 medicinal plants. Ind Crops Prod 51:289–298
Fattahi S, Zabihi E, Abedian A, Pourbagher R, Ardekani AM, Mostafazadeh A, Akhavan-Niaki H (2014) Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of Aqueous Extract of Stinging Nettle and In Vitro Antiproliferative Effect on Hela and BT-474 Cell Lines. Int J Mol Cell Med 3:102–107
Wollgast J, Anklam E (2000) Polyphenols in chocolate: is there a contribution to human health? Food Res Int 33:449–459
Irakli MN, Samanidou VF, Biliaderis CG, Papadoyannis IN (2012) Simultaneous determination of phenolic acids and flavonoids in rice using solid-phase extraction and RP-HPLC with photodiode array detection. J Sep Sci 35:1603–1611
Ghanem ME, Classen B, Quetin-Leclerq J, Mahy G, Ruan CJ, Qin P, Pérez-Alfocea F, Lutts S (2010) Mucilage and polysaccharides in the halophyte plant species Kosteletzkya virginica: localization and composition in relation to salt stress. J Plant Physiol 167:382–392
Oktay M, Gülçin I, İrfan Küfrevioğlu Ö (2003) Determination of in vitro antioxidant activity of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) seed extracts. Food Sci Technol 36:263–271
Van Buren JP, Robinson WB (1981) Formation of complexes between protein and tannic acid. J Agric Food Chem 17:772–777
Gusakov AV, Kondratyeva EG, Sinitsyn AP (2011) Comparison of two methods for assaying reducing sugars in the determination of carbohydrase activities. Int J Anal Chem 2011:1–4
Tokur B, Kormaz K (2007) The Effects of an iron-catalyzed oxidation system on lipids and proteins of dark muscle fish. Food Chem 104:754–760
Sakat SS, Juvekar AR, Gambhire MN (2010) In vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract of Oxalis corniculata Linn. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2:146–155
Babou L, Hadidi L, Grosso C, Zaidi F, Valentão P, Andrade PB (2016) Study of phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of myrtle leaves and fruits as a function of maturation. Eur Food Res Technol 242:1447–1457
Pavarini D, Pavarani S, Niehues M, Lopes N (2012) Exogenous influences on plant secondary metabolite levels. Anim Feed Sci Technol 176:5–16
Liu P, Kallio H, Yang B (2011) Phenolic compounds in hawthorn (Crataegus grayana) fruits and leaves and changes during fruit ripening. J Agric Food Chem 59:11141–11149
Clifford SC, Arndt SK, Popp M, Jones HG (2001) Mucilages and polysaccharides in Ziziphus species (Rhamnaceae): localization, composition and physiological roles during drought-stress. J Exp Bot 53:131–138
Magalhães PJ, Vieira JS, Gonçalves LM, Pacheco JP, Guido LF, Barros AA (2010) Isolation of phenolic compounds from hop extracts using polyvinylpolypyrrolidone: characterization by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1217:3258–3268
Singh S, Bothara SB (2014) Physico-chemical and structural characterization of mucilage isolated from seeds of Diospyros melonoxylon Roxb. Braz. J Pharm Sci 50:713–725
Shende MA, Marathe RP (2015) Extraction of mucilages and its comparative mucoadhesive studies from Hibiscus plant species. World. J Pharm Sci 4:900–924
Faccio C, Machado RAF, De Souza LM, Zoldan SR, Quadri MG (2015) Characterization of the mucilage extracted from jaracatiá (Carica quercifolia (A. St. Hil.) Hieron). Carbohydr Polym 131:370–376
Ahad HA, Yesupadam P, Ramyasree P, Padmaja BS, Sravanthi M, Prakash PG (2011) Isolation and physicochemical cartcerization of Hybiscus rosa sinesis leaves mucilage. Int J Curr Res 3:210–212
Vaithiyanathan V, Mirunalini S (2015) Assessment of antioxidant potential and acute toxicity studies of whole plant extract of Pergularia daemia (Forsk). Toxicol Int 22:54–60
Ayala A, Muñoz MF, Argüelles S (2014) Lipid Peroxidation: Production, Metabolism, and Signaling Mechanisms of Malondialdehyde and 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2014(360438):31
Garcia YJ, Rodriguez-Malaver AJ, Nancy Penaloza N (2005) Lipid peroxidation measurement by thiobarbituric acid assay in rat cerebellar slices. J Neurosci Methods 144:127–135
Kusirisin W, Jaikang C, Chaiyasut C, Narongchai P (2009) Effect of polyphenolic compounds from Solanum torvum on plasma lipid peroxidation, superoxide anion and cytochrome P450 2E1 in human liver microsomes. Med Chem 5:583–588
Forstermann U, Sessa WC (2001) Nitric oxide synthases: regulation and function. Eur Heart J 33:829–837
Boora F, Chirisa E, Mukanganyama S (2014) Evaluation of nitrite radical scavenging properties of selected zimbabwean plant extracts and their phytoconstituents. J Food Process 2014:1–7
Brito A, Raminez JE, Areche C, Sepúlveda B, Simirgiotis MJ (2014) HPLC-UV-MS Profiles of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of fruits from three Citrus species consumed in northern Chile. Molecules 19:17400–17421
Acknowledgements
We acknowledge Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) for financial support to Centro de Química e Bioquímica (PEst-OE/QUI/UI0612/2013; UID/MULTI/00612/2013) and to CESAM (UID/AMB/50017), through FCT/MEC National funds, and the co-funding by the FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement and Compete 2020. Authors are also grateful to Prof. Maria Helena Mendonça (DQB, FCUL) for having collected the A. deliciosa leaves for this study.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects.
Conflict of interest
None.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Henriques, J., Ribeiro, M.J., Falé, P.L. et al. Valorization of kiwifruit production: leaves of the pruning branches of Actinidia deliciosa as a promising source of polyphenols. Eur Food Res Technol 243, 1343–1353 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-017-2845-y
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-017-2845-y