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LC-MS/MS analysis of permethylated N-glycans facilitating isomeric characterization

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Abstract

The biosynthesis of glycans is a template-free process; hence compositionally identical glycans may contain highly heterogeneous structures. Meanwhile, the functions of glycans in biological processes are significantly influenced by the glycan structure. Structural elucidation of glycans is an essential component of glycobiology. Although NMR is considered the most powerful approach for structural glycan studies, it suffers from low sensitivity and requires highly purified glycans. Although mass spectrometry (MS)-based methods have been applied in numerous glycan structure studies, there are challenges in preserving glycan structure during ionization. Permethylation is an efficient derivatization method that improves glycan structural stability. In this report, permethylated glycans are isomerically separated; thus facilitating structural analysis of a mixture of glycans by LC-MS/MS. Separation by porous graphitic carbon liquid chromatography at high temperatures in conjunction with tandem mass spectrometry (PGC-LC-MS/MS) was utilized for unequivocal characterization of glycan isomers. Glycan fucosylation sites were confidently determined by eliminating fucose rearrangement and assignment of diagnostic ions, achieved by permethylation and PGC-LC at high temperatures, respectively. Assigning monosaccharide residues to specific glycan antennae was also achieved. Galactose linkages were also distinguished from each other by CID/HCD tandem MS. This was attainable because of the different bond energies associated with monosaccharide linkages.

LC-MS and tandem MS of terminal galactose isomers

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a grant from the Cancer Prevention Institute of Texas (CPRIT, RP130624) and a grant from the NIH (1R01GM112490).

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    1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Memorial Circle & Boston, Box 41061, Lubbock, TX, 79409-1061, USA

      Shiyue Zhou, Xue Dong, Lucas Veillon, Yifan Huang & Yehia Mechref

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    Published in the topical collection Glycomics, Glycoproteomics and Allied Topics with guest editors Yehia Mechref and David Muddiman.

    Xue Dong, Lucas Veillon and Yifan Huang contributed equally to this work.

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    Zhou, S., Dong, X., Veillon, L. et al. LC-MS/MS analysis of permethylated N-glycans facilitating isomeric characterization. Anal Bioanal Chem 409, 453–466 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-9996-8

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