Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranose (PGG) isolated from methanolic leaf extracts of Mangifera indica in mice. Anticonvulsant activity of PGG was evaluated against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced and maximal electroshock (MES)-induced convulsions in mice. Additionally, locomotor activity and GABA levels in the brain were estimated to explore the possible CNS-depressant activity and mechanism behind the anticonvulsant activity, respectively. In these studies, PGG (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.)) showed significant and dose-dependent inhibition of PTZ and MES-induced convulsions. Furthermore, PGG administration showed significant decrease in the locomotor activity as an indication of its CNS-depressant property; also, PGG has significantly increased the GABA levels in the cerebellum and whole brain other than the cerebellum. In conclusion, PGG isolated from M. indica showed potent anticonvulsant activity, and possible mechanism may be due to enhanced GABA levels in the brain.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Agnihotri G, Ukani R, Malladi SS, Warshakoon HJ, Balakrishna R, Wang X, David SA (2011) Structure-activity relationships in nucleotide oligomerization domain 1 (Nod1) agonistic γ-glutamyldiaminopimelic acid derivatives. J Med Chem 54:1490–1510
Bialer M (2006) New antiepileptic drugs that are second generation to existing antiepileptic drugs. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 15:637–647
Carpay JA, Ferrari MD (2012) The adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs differ in patients with migraine. Lancet Neurol 11:935
Carter SO, Banerjee PK, McIntyre B, David H (2000) Modulation of absence seizures by the GABAA receptor: a critical role for metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGluR4). J Neurosci 20:6218–6224
Dimpfel W (2006) Different anticonvulsive effects of hesperidin and its aglycone hesperetin on electrical activity in the rat hippocampus in-vitro. J Pharm Pharmacol 58:375–379
Fisher RS, Van Emde Boas W, Blume W, Elger C, Genton P, Lee P, Engel JJ (2005) Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the International League against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE). Epilepsia 46:470–472
Golechha M, Chaudhry U, Bhatia J, Saluja D, Arya DS (2011) Naringin protects against kainic acid-induced status epilepticus in rats: evidence for an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective intervention. Biol Pharm Bull 34:360–365
Herrera-Ruiz M, Zamilpa A, González-Cortazar M, Reyes-Chilpa R, León E, García MP, Tortoriello J, Huerta-Reyes M (2011) Antidepressant effect and pharmacological evaluation of standardized extract of flavonoids from Byrsonima crassifolia. Phytomedicine 18:1255–1261
Huang RQ, Bell-Horner CL, Dibas MI, Covey DF, Drewe JA, Dillon GH (2001) Pentylenetetrazole-induced inhibition of recombinant gammaaminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptors: mechanism and site of action. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 298:986–995
Huang HL, Lin CC, Jeng KC, Yao PW, Chuang LT, Kuo SL, Hou CW (2012) Fresh green tea and gallic acid ameliorate oxidative stress in kainic acid-induced status epilepticus. J Agric Food Chem 60:2328–2236
Jinhui Z, Li L, Sung-Hoon K, Ann EH, Junxuan L (2009) Anti-cancer, anti-diabetic and other pharmacologic and biological activities of penta-galloyl-glucopyranose. Pharm Res 26(9):2066–2080
Joshi D, Naidu PS, Singh A, Kulkarni SK (2005) Protective effect of quercetin on alcohol abstinence-induced anxiety and convulsions. J Med Food 8:392–396
Kulkarni SK (1981) Actions of clonidine on convulsions and behavior. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 252:124–132
Hadi M, Namvaran A (2011) Mir Hadi KN, Ali Namvaran AA (2011) Gabaergic system role in aqueous extract of Valeriana officinalis L. root on PTZ-induced clonic seizure threshold in mice. African J Pharm Pharmacol 5:1212–1217
Nassiri-Asl M, Shariati-Rad S, Zamansoltani F (2008) Anticonvulsive effects of intracerebroventricular administration of rutin in rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 32:989–993
Obay BD, Tasdemir E, Tumer C, Biligin HM, Sermet A (2007) Antiepileptic effects of ghrelin on pentylenetetrazole induced seizures in rats. Peptides 28:1214–1219
Psarropoulou C, Matsokis N, Angelatou F, Kostopoulos G (1994) Pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures decrease γ-aminobutyric acid-mediated recurrent inhibition and enhance adenosine-mediated depression. Epilepsia 35:12–19
Stafford GI, Pedersen ME, Van Staden J, Jäger AK (2008) Review on plants with CNS-effects used in traditional South African medicine against mental diseases. J Ethnopharmacol 119:513–537
Sugaya A, Suzuki T, Sugaya E, Yuyama N, Yasuda K, Tsuda T (1991) Inhibitory effect of peony root extract on pentylenetetrazol-induced EEG power spectrum changes and extracellular calcium concentration changes in rat cerebral cortex. J Ethnopharmacol 33:159–167
Suher MA, Abdullah SE, Saleem SA, Samir FS, Amina SA (2000) Effects of acute and chronic triazolam treatments on brain GABA levels in albino rats. Acta Neurobiol Exp 60:447–455
Viswanatha GL, Nandakumar K, Shylaja H, Ramesh C, Rajesh S, Srinath R (2009) Anxiolytic and anticonvulsant activity of alcoholic extract of heart wood of Cedrus deodara Roxb in rodents. J Pharma Res Health Care 1:217–239
Conflict of interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Viswanatha, G.L., Mohan, C.G., Shylaja, H. et al. Anticonvulsant activity of 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranose isolated from leaves of Mangifera indica . Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 386, 599–604 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-013-0858-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-013-0858-z