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Rückblick über molekulargenetische Untersuchungsmethoden von Cannabis sativa (L.)

Review of molecular genetic investigation methods for Cannabis sativa (L.)

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Zusammenfassung

Als die Pflanze Cannabis sativa L. zur Mitte der 1990er Jahre in die molekulargenetischen Forschungen einbezogen wurde, konzentrierten sich die Untersuchungen auf die Identifizierung der Spezies und die Geschlechtsbestimmung. Dies geschah sowohl mit nukleärer als auch plastidiärer Desoxyribonukleinsäure („deoxyribonucleic acid“, DNA). Erste Analysen zur Individualisierung einzelner Pflanzen erfolgten mit Untersuchungen von „randomly amplified polymorphic DNA“ (RAPD), „amplified fragment length polymorphisms“ (AFLP) und „inter-simple sequence repeats“ (ISSR), die weitaus umfangreichsten Analysen wurden jedoch mit „Short-tandem-repeat“(STR)-basierten Verfahren vorgenommen, die, analog zu humanen STR, das größte Diskriminierungspotenzial bieten. Um schnell einen Kooperations- und Ansprechpartner zu finden, werden in diesem Beitrag die wichtigsten Arbeitsgruppen für Cannabis-DNA-Analysen in Deutschland genannt. Der neue Fokus der Forschung liegt in der Schaffung von Standards, wie z. B. einer Allelleiter für Cannabis-STR, die die exakte Vergleichbarkeit von molekulargenetischen Untersuchungsbefunden zwischen den verschiedenen Laboren ermöglichen.

Abstract

When the plant Cannabis sativa L. was included in molecular genetic research in the middle of the 1990s, the initial analytical methods were focused on identification and sex determination of the plants. This was carried out with nuclear and plastid deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The first analyses on individualization of single plants were carried out with randomly amplified polymorphisms (RAPD), amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) methods; however, the most complex methods are now based on short tandem repeats (STR), which also have a fundamental role in human DNA fingerprinting and offer the greatest potential for discrimination. This article provides the names of the most prominent Cannabis DNA research groups in Germany to facilitate finding cooperation and contact partners. The current Cannabis DNA research is focused on establishing standards, e.g. an allelic ladder for Cannabis STRs, which will provide a reliable molecular genetic comparison of investigation results between the various laboratories.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. S. Köhnemann gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Dieser Beitrag enthält keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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    S. Köhnemann

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Köhnemann, S. Rückblick über molekulargenetische Untersuchungsmethoden von Cannabis sativa (L.) . Rechtsmedizin 24, 489–493 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00194-014-0978-x

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