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A clear link connecting the troposphere and ionosphere: ionospheric reponses to the 2015 Typhoon Dujuan

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Abstract

The global navigation satellite system (GNSS) total electron content (TEC) sequences were used to capture the arrival time and location of the ionosphere disturbances in response to the 2015 Typhoon Dujuan. After removing the de-trended TEC variation, the clear ionosphere disturbances on the typhoon landing day could be distinguished, and these disturbances disappeared from the TEC sequences before and after the typhoon landing day. The foF2 data observed by Xiamen ionosonde station also show ionosphere disturbances. Based on the advantages of GNSS multi-point observations, the disturbances horizontal velocity in the ionosphere were estimated according to the linear theory for a dispersion relation of acoustic gravity waves (AGWs) in an isothermal atmosphere. The average horizontal velocity (\(\sim \)240 m/s) and the radial velocity (\(\sim \)287 m/s) were used in the two-dimensional grid search for the origin point on the Earth’s surface. The origin area was determined to be on the eastern side of Taiwan. Lastly, a possible physical mechanism is discussed in this study. When typhoons land on Taiwan, the severe convective storms and the drag effect from the Central Mountains create an ideal location for development of AGWs. Topographic conditions, like the high lapse rate, contribute to the formation of AGWs, which then propagates into the ionosphere altitude.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the CMONOC for providing the GPS data via the GNSS Center at Wuhan University, the National Land Surveying and Mapping Center for providing the Taiwan GNSS Network data, the IGS for providing the orbit data. We also thank the NASA for providing magnetic index data, the ACE Science Center for providing solar wind data. This research was financially supported by the National Natural Fund of China (41274022, 41231064, and 41574028) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2042016kf0037). Special thanks to Dr. Chen Zhou in School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, for discussing the physical mechanism of AGWs propagation. We also appreciate Dr. Jing Liu of Institute of Earthquake Science, China Earthquake Administration and Dr. Yungang Wang of National Center for Space Weather, China Meteorological Administration for providing the ionosonde data.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chinese Antarctic Center of Surveying and Mapping, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China

    Jian Kong

  2. School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China

    Yibin Yao, Yahui Xu, Liang Zhang, Lei Liu & Changzhi Zhai

  3. Department of Geomatics, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan

    Chungyen Kuo

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  1. Jian Kong
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  2. Yibin Yao
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  3. Yahui Xu
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  4. Chungyen Kuo
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  5. Liang Zhang
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  6. Lei Liu
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  7. Changzhi Zhai
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Correspondence to Yibin Yao.

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Kong, J., Yao, Y., Xu, Y. et al. A clear link connecting the troposphere and ionosphere: ionospheric reponses to the 2015 Typhoon Dujuan. J Geod 91, 1087–1097 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-017-1011-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-017-1011-4

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