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Sonikation in der Diagnostik periprothetischer Infektionen

Stellenwert und praktische Umsetzung

Sonication in the diagnosis of periprosthetic infections

Significance and practical implementation

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Zusammenfassung

Der endoprothetische Ersatz gehört zu den häufigsten und erfolgreichsten Operationen der heutigen Medizin. Mit zunehmendem Einsatz von Gelenkprothesen steigt auch die Anzahl von periprothetischen Infektionen. Der Nachweis von verursachenden Erregern und deren antimikrobielle Empfindlichkeit sind für eine erfolgreiche Antibiotikatherapie entscheidend. Für eine zuverlässige Diagnose müssen neben konventionellen mikrobiologischen Methoden (Kultur der Gelenkflüssigkeit und der intraoperativen periprothetischen Gewebeproben) zusätzliche Methoden zum Nachweis von Biofilmen eingesetzt werden. Mit der Sonikation der entfernten Implantatkomponenten werden Mikroorganismen von der Implantatoberfläche abgelöst und anschließend in der Sonikationsflüssigkeit qualitativ und quantitativ nachgewiesen. Die Sonikation ist besonders hilfreich bei chronischen Low-grade-Infektionen, bei welchen eine geringe Anzahl an Bakterien vorhanden sind und der Biofilm stärker an der Prothesenoberfläche haftet. Die Sonikationsflüssigkeit eignet sich für aerobe und anaerobe Kulturen, sowie für neuere, kulturunabhängige Nachweismethoden (z. B. Molekularmethoden, Massenspektrometrie, Mikrokalorimetrie). Im Beitrag werden der Stellenwert, die Vor- und Nachteile, sowie die praktische Umsetzung der Sonikation von Implantaten vorgestellt und kritisch diskutiert.

Abstract

Endoprosthetic joint replacement is one of the most common and most successful operations in current medicine. With the increase in joint prosthesis implantations, the number of periprosthetic infections is also rising. Detection of the causative pathogen and its antimicrobial susceptibility is crucial for successful antibiotic therapy. For a reliable diagnosis, in addition to conventional microbiological methods (synovial fluid culture and intraoperative periprosthetic tissue samples), other methods of detecting biofilms are used. With sonication of the removed implant components, microorganisms are released from the implant surface and then detected qualitatively and quantitatively in the sonication fluid. The sonication is particularly useful for chronic, “low-grade” infections in which a small number of bacteria are present and the biofilm adheres more strongly to the prosthesis surface. The sonication fluid is suitable for aerobic and anaerobic cultures, in addition to newer, culture-independent detection methods (e.g., molecular methods, mass spectrometry, microcalorimetry). In the article the significance, advantages and disadvantages, and the practical implementation of the sonication of implants are presented and critically discussed.

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N. Renz, S. Cabric, V. Janz und A. Trampuz geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Renz, N., Cabric, S., Janz, V. et al. Sonikation in der Diagnostik periprothetischer Infektionen. Orthopäde 44, 942–945 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00132-015-3192-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00132-015-3192-y

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