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Lithium- and boron-bearing brines in the Central Andes: exploring hydrofacies on the eastern Puna plateau between 23° and 23°30′S

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Abstract

Internally drained basins of the Andean Plateau are lithium- and boron-bearing systems. The exploration of ionic facies and parental links in a playa lake located in the eastern Puna (23°–23°30′S) was assessed by hydrochemical determinations of residual brines, feed waters and solutions from weathered rocks. Residual brines have been characterized by the Cl− (SO4 =)/Na+ (K+) ratio. Residual brines from the playa lake contain up to 450 mg/l of boron and up to 125 mg/l of lithium, and the Las Burras River supplies the most concentrated boron (20 mg/l) and lithium (3.75 mg/l) inflows of the basin. The hydro-geochemical assessment allowed for the identification of three simultaneous sources of boron: (1) inflow originating from granitic areas of the Aguilar and Tusaquillas ranges; (2) weathering of the Ordovician basement; and (3) boron-rich water from the Las Burras River. Most of the lithium input of the basin is likely generated by present geothermal sources rather than by weathering and leaching of ignimbrites and plutonic rocks. However, XRD analyses of playa lake sediments revealed the presence of lithian micas of clastic origin, including taeniolite and eucriptite. This study is the first to document these rare Li-micas from the Puna basin. Thus, both residual brines and lithian micas contribute to the total Li content in the studied hydrologic system.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the PRH Red 101 ANPCyT of the Argentina National Government, and the National University of Jujuy. The laboratory of Aguas de los Andes S. A. provided lab facilities and the Institute of Geology and Mining of Jujuy supplied XRD facilities and field logistics. The author thanks the reviewers Thomas Bissig and Brian Townley and the editor Georges Beaudoin for their constructive comments, which substantially improved the manuscript.

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    R. L. López Steinmetz

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Steinmetz, R.L.L. Lithium- and boron-bearing brines in the Central Andes: exploring hydrofacies on the eastern Puna plateau between 23° and 23°30′S. Miner Deposita 52, 35–50 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-016-0656-x

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