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Re–Os molybdenite ages and zircon Hf isotopes of the Gangjiang porphyry Cu–Mo deposit in the Tibetan Orogen

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Abstract

The Miocene porphyry Cu–(Mo) deposits in the Gangdese orogenic belt in southern Tibet were formed in a post-subduction collisional setting. They are closely related to the Miocene adakite-like porphyries which were probably derived from a thickened basaltic lower crust. Furthermore, mantle components have been considered to have played a crucial role in formation of these porphyry deposits (Hou et al. Ore Geol Rev 36: 25–51, 2009; Miner Deposita doi:10.1007/s00126-012-0415-6, 2012). In this study, we present zircon Hf isotopes and molybdenite Re–Os ages on the newly discovered Gangjiang porphyry Cu–Mo deposit in southern Tibet to constrain the magma source of the intrusions and the timing of mineralization. The Gangjiang porphyry Cu–Mo deposit is located in the Nimu ore field in the central Gangdese porphyry deposits belt, southern Tibet. The copper and molybdenum mineralization occur mainly as disseminations and veins in the overlapped part of the potassic and phyllic alteration zones, and are predominantly hosted in the quartz monzonite stock and in contact with the rhyodacite porphyry stock. SIMS zircon U–Pb dating of the pre-mineral quartz monzonite stock and late intra-mineral rhyodacite porphyry yielded ages of 14.73 ± 0.13 Ma (2σ) and 12.01 ± 0.29 Ma (2σ), respectively. These results indicate that the magmatism could have lasted as long as about 2.7 Ma for the Gangjiang deposit. The newly obtained Re–Os model ages vary from 12.51 ± 0.19 Ma (2σ) to 12.85 ± 0.18 Ma (2σ) for four molybdenite samples. These Re–Os ages are roughly coincident with the rhyodacite porphyry U–Pb zircon age, and indicate a relatively short-lived episode of ore deposition (ca. 0.3 Ma). In situ Hf isotopic analyses on zircons by using LA-MC-ICP-MS indicate that the ε Hf(t) values of zircons from a quartz monzonite sample vary from +2.25 to +4.57 with an average of +3.33, while zircons from a rhyodacite porphyry sample vary from +5.53 to +7.81 with an average of +6.64. The Hf data indicate that mantle components could be partly involved in the deposit formation, and that mantle contributions might have increased over time from ca. 14.7 to 12.0 Ma. Combined with previous works, it is proposed that the Gangjiang deposit could have resulted from the convective thinning of the lithospheric root, and the input of upper mantle components into the magma could have played a key role in the formation of the porphyry deposits in the Miocene Gangdese porphyry copper belt in the Tibetan Orogen.

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Acknowledgments

This study was jointly supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of China (41003023 and 40873039), and the Special Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry. Without the practical assistance and cooperation of a number of individuals and organizations, the research described in this paper could not have been completed. In particular, thanks are due to Jinhui Yang and Yueheng Yang of the IGGCAS for analyzing Hf isotopes by using LA-ICP-MS, Jianyong Cui of the Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology for analyzing Nd–Sr–Pb isotopes by using TIMS, Shaosong Peng of the SKLODG for analyzing major elements by using conventional wet chemical methods, Jing Hu of the SKLODG for analyzing trace elements by using ICP-MS. Many thanks are also due to Ciceron Jun Angeles, Romeo S. Aquino, Jeffrey Malaihollo, Dong Lan, Ruyi Zhao, and Shuhong Wang for their help and fruitful discussion during field trip and to Wei-Terry Chen for his helpful suggestions and language improvement on early draft of this manuscript. This manuscript also benefited greatly from strict reviews by Jeremy Richards and Fernando Barra. The Editor-in-Chief Bernd Lehmann is also appreciated for his helpful suggestions.

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550002, China

    Cheng-Biao Leng, Xing-Chun Zhang, Hong Zhong & Rui-Zhong Hu

  2. Sichuan Institute of Metallurgical Geology and Exploration, Chengdu, 610051, China

    Wei-De Zhou

  3. National Research Center of Geoanalysis, Beijng, 100037, China

    Chao Li

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  1. Cheng-Biao Leng
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Leng, CB., Zhang, XC., Zhong, H. et al. Re–Os molybdenite ages and zircon Hf isotopes of the Gangjiang porphyry Cu–Mo deposit in the Tibetan Orogen. Miner Deposita 48, 585–602 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-012-0448-x

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