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Der radiologische Zufallsbefund

Incidental radiological findings

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Zusammenfassung

Als radiologische Zufallsbefunde gelten alle Befunde, die sich im Rahmen einer medizinischen radiologischen Diagnostik ergeben und die potenziell die Gesundheit des Untersuchten betreffen, ohne dass eine entsprechende Befunddetektion beabsichtigt war. Die Zahl der Zufallsbefunde nimmt zu, einerseits aufgrund der breiteren Anwendung moderner bildgebender Verfahren wie der Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) und Computertomographie in der klinischen Routine, andererseits wegen des Einsatzes der wissenschaftlichen Ganzkörper-MRT-Bildgebung in großen populationsbasierten Kohortenstudien. Daraus resultiert ein breiteres Interesse an der Thematik. Die Beschreibung eines unerwarteten radiologischen Befunds kann Anlass zu einer weiteren Diagnostik und Therapie geben. Das Management von Zufallsbefunden im klinischen Alltag richtet sich nach den Leitlinien der verschiedenen Fachgesellschaften. Der Umgang mit Zufallsbefunden in der radiologischen Forschung unterscheidet sich vom klinischen Setting in Faktoren wie dem Studiendesign, der Untersuchung subjektiv gesunder Probanden und der Anwendung nichtdiagnostischer Untersuchungssequenzen. Aus medizinischer Sicht ist die Mitteilung von Zufallsbefunden in der radiologischen Forschung insbesondere notwendig, wenn klinisch potenziell relevante Befunde weiter abgeklärt werden müssen oder therapeutische Konsequenzen aus einer Mitteilung resultieren. Diese Übersichtsarbeit erörtert die Thematik radiologischer Zufallsbefunde im klinischen Alltag und in radiologischen Studien und gibt eine kurze Zusammenfassung von Managementempfehlungen für häufige Zufallsbefunde.

Abstract

All findings which arise in the context of radiological diagnostics, potentially affect the health of a subject but with no intention to detect the corresponding finding are considered to be incidental radiological findings (IF). The prevalence of IFs is increasing due to the wider use of modern imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) in routine clinical practice and the inclusion of imaging, such as whole body MRI in large population-based cohorts. The reporting of radiological IFs can lead to further diagnostics and treatment. The management of IFs in the clinical routine is regulated by the guidelines of the various academic societies. The management of IFs in the setting of research studies differs depending on various factors, such as study design and health status of enrolled subjects. In general, IFs must be disclosed to the subject if the radiological IFs are potentially clinically relevant; however, subjects must also be protected from the consequences of false positive findings. This review article discusses radiological IFs in the setting of the clinical routine and research studies and provides a basic summary of the management recommendations for commonly occurring IFs.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. S. Weckbach, C.L. Schlett, R.C. Bertheau und H.-U. Kauczor geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Correspondence to S. Weckbach.

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Weckbach, S., Schlett, C., Bertheau, R. et al. Der radiologische Zufallsbefund. Internist 55, 1019–1025 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-014-3452-7

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