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Versorgung des akuten Nierenversagens auf deutschen Intensivstationen

Analyse der aktuellen Behandlungspraxis

Treatment of acute renal failure in Germany

Analysis of current practice

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund und Fragestellung

Zur Behandlungspraxis von kritisch kranken Patienten mit akutem Nierenversagen (ANV) liegen hierzulande bislang keine verlässlichen Daten vor.

Patienten und Methodik

Es wurde daher eine detaillierte Umfrage mittels Fragebögen durchgeführt, indem 2265 Intensivstationen 19 Fragen zur Nierenersatztherapie gestellt wurden.

Ergebnisse

An der Umfrage beteiligten sich 423 deutsche Intensivstationen. Das Angebot an Nierenersatzverfahren variierte deutlich. Je kleiner das Haus desto weniger unterschiedliche Verfahren waren verfügbar. So bieten Häuser mit bis zu 400 Betten nur in 35 % der Fälle intermittierende Verfahren an. Hämodynamisch instabile Patienten wurden in Universitätskliniken ausschließlich kontinuierlich, dagegen in kleineren Häusern in 20 % der Fälle auch mit intermittierenden Verfahren behandelt. Auch unterschied sich die Behandlungspraxis verschiedener Fachdisziplinen. Nephrologen behandelten ein isoliertes akutes Nierenversagen gegenüber Anästhesisten meist intermittierend (79,7 vs. 43,3 %). Zudem setzen Nephrologen extrakorporale Verfahren häufiger beim kardiorenalen Syndrom ein (54,3 vs. 35,8 %) während Anästhesisten dies häufiger im Rahmen einer Sepsis indizierten (37,3 vs. 23,1 %). Die Auswahl des Antikoagulans variierte ebenso. Kliniken mit bis zu 400 Betten hielten regionale Zitratantikoagulation nur zu 50 % vor gegenüber 90 % der Universitätskliniken.

Diskussion

Derzeit wird das ANV auf deutschen Intensivstationen ausgehend von Größe und lokalen Strukturen der Klinik sowie vom Ausbildungshintergrund der Intensivmediziner therapiert und weniger an Bedürfnissen der Patienten orientiert. Es sollten daher fachübergreifende Qualitätsrichtlinien zur Behandlung des ANV auf deutschen Intensivstationen in Anlehnung an internationale Leitlinien entwickelt werden.

Abstract

Background and objectives

There are currently no reliable data on the differential use of renal replacement therapy (RRT) options for critically ill patients with acute renal failure in Germany.

Patients and methods

A questionnaire-based survey was delivered to 2265 German intensive care units. The questionnaire contained 19 questions regarding RRT.

Results

A total of 423 German intensive care units participated in the survey. The offered modalities of RRT varied significantly: the smaller the facility, the fewer different RRT options were available. Intermittent dialysis procedures were available in only 35 % of hospitals with up to 400 beds. In university hospitals, hemodynamically unstable patients were exclusively treated by continuous RRT, whereas in hospitals with up to 400 beds, intermittent RRT was also used. In addition, treatment practice was also dependent on the specialization of the treating physicians: Isolated acute renal failure was treated more often intermittently by nephrologists compared to anesthesiologists (79.7 vs. 43.3 %). Nephrologists also used extracorporeal RRT more often in cardiorenal syndrome (54.3 vs. 35.8 %), whereas anesthesiologists preferred them in sepsis (37.3 vs. 23.1 %). The choice of anticoagulant varied as well: Hospitals with up to 400 beds offered regional citrate anticoagulation in only 50 % compared to 90 % of university hospitals.

Conclusions

Currently, RRT treatment in acute renal failure on German intensive care units seems to be dependent on the size, local structures, and education of the intensivists rather than patient needs. Our results demonstrate the necessity to establish cross-disciplinary standards for the treatment of acute renal failure in German intensive care units.

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Danksagung

Die Autoren danken der Paul-Martini-Forschergruppe für die Unterstützung, der Deutschen Sepsis-Gesellschaft (DSG), dem Zentrum für Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen (CSCC), der Deutschen Interdisziplinären Vereinigung für Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin (DIVI) sowie der Firma Gambro für die Unterstützung der Studie.

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Correspondence to M. Schmitz.

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M. Schmitz, P. J. Heering, R. Hutagalung, R. Schindler, M. I. Quintel, F. M. Brunkhorst, S. John und A. Jörres geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

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O. Heinzel, Tübingen F. Hoffmann, München

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Schmitz, M., Heering, P., Hutagalung, R. et al. Versorgung des akuten Nierenversagens auf deutschen Intensivstationen. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 110, 256–263 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-015-0014-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-015-0014-2

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