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Composition of plant cell walls

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Zusammenfassung

Der Artikel faßt jüngere Forschungsergebnisse (ungefähr ab Beginn der achtziger Jahre) über die Zusammensetzung der Zellwände von Pflanzen zusammen mit einer Beschreibung der in den mikrofibrillären und amorphen Phasen enthaltenen Polysaccharide: Cellulose, Hemicellulosen und Pektinsubstanzen sowie der übrigen Komponenten: Lignin, Proteine und Enzyme. - Cellulose ist ein lineares Homopolymer aus Mikrofasern, deren parakristalline Struktur durch Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen stabilisiert wird. Die Hemicellulosen stellen eine wichtige Gruppe unter den Polysacchariden dar, die untereinander und mit den Cellulose- und/oder Pektin-Mikro-fibrillen verbunden sind. Als wichtigste Scien genannt: Xylane, Arabinoxylane, Mannane, Galactomannane, Glucomannane, Xyloglucane, Glucuronomannane, Arabinoga-lactan II, β-1,3- und β-l,4-Glucane. Die Pektinsubstanzen sind eine komplexe Mischung von kolloidalen Polysacchariden, die der Zellwand mit Wasser oder löslichen organischen Komponenten (chelating agents) entzogen werden können, wobei die bedeutendsten folgende sind: Rhamno-galacturonan I, Rhamnogalacturonan II, Arabinan, Galactan, Arabinogalactan I und D-Galacturonan.

Abstract

The present study reviews the most recent research published (starting approximately in the 1980s) on the composition of plant cell walls, with a description of the polysaccharides contained in the microfibrillar and amorphous phases: cellulose, hemicellulose and pectic substances, as well as the other components: lignin, proteins and enzymes. Cellulose is a linear homopolymer made up of microfibrils that form a para-crystalline structure stabilised by hydrogen bridges. The hemicelluloses constitute an important group of polysaccharides, which are inter-linked and also linked to microfibrils of cellulose and/or pectins, the most important being: xylans, arabinoxylans, mannans, galactomannans, glucomannans, arabinogalactan II, β-l,3-glucan and β-l,3-β-l,4-glucans. The pectic substances are a complex mixture of colloidal polysaccharides that can be extracted from the cell wall with water or chelating agents, the most significant being: rhamnogalacturonan I, rhamnogalacturonan II, arabinan, galactan, arabinogalactan I and D-galacturonan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentas, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 1078, E-41012, Sevilla, Spain

    Antonia Heredia, Ana Jiménez & Rafael Guillén

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  1. Antonia Heredia
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  2. Ana Jiménez
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  3. Rafael Guillén
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Heredia, A., Jiménez, A. & Guillén, R. Composition of plant cell walls. Z Lebensm Unters Forch 200, 24–31 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01192903

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01192903

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