Skip to main content
Log in

Structure of human chromosomes visualized at the electron microscopic level

  • Published:
Chromosoma Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A newly developed technique allows cytological (light microscope level) chromosome preparations to be examined at the electron microscopic level. Ultrathin (50 nm) sections of highly condensed Hela cell metaphase chromosomes show the characteristic mitotic chromosome morphology. In addition a fibrous network (presumably chromosome fibers) can be seen within them. Fibers appear to be gathered at foci along each chromatid. Treatment of chromosomes with trypsin in a trypsin/G-banding procedure reduces the amount of staining material at the electron microscopic level and results in more prominent foci. Thicker (100 nm) sections of less condensed chromosomes prepared from human lymphocytes display a banding pattern similar to G-banding, even without pretreatment with proteases.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bahr, G.F.: The fibrous structure of human chromosomes in relation to rearrangements and aberrations; a theoretical consideration. Federation Proc. 34, 2209–2217 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bahr, G.F., Golomb, H.M.: Constancy of a 200 Å fiber in human chromatin and chromosomes. Chromosoma (Berl.) 46, 247–254 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bak, A.L., Zeuthen, J., Crick, F.H.C.: Higher-order structure of human mitotic chromosomes. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 74, 1595–1599 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Brody, Th.: Histones in cytological preparations. Exp. Cell Res. 85, 255–263 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Burkholder, G.D.: Electron microscopic visualization of chromosomes banded with trypsin. Nature (Lond.) 247, 292–294 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Burkholder, G.C.: The ultrastructure of G- and C-banded chromosomes. Exp. Cell Res. 90, 269–278 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Caspersson, T., Farber, S., Foley, G.E., Kudynowski, J., Modest, E.J., Simonson, E., Wagh, U., Zech, L.: Chemical differentiation along metaphase chromosomes. Exp. Cell Res. 49, 219–222 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  • Comings, D.E., Riggs, A.D.: Molecular mechanisms of chromosome pairing, folding and function. Nature (Lond.) 233, 48–50 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, H.J.: Some facts and fancies relating to chromosome structure in man. Advanc. Hum. Cytogenet. 8, 347–438 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  • Matsukuma, S., Utakoji, T.: Uneven extraction of protein in Chinese hamster chromosomes during G-staining procedures. Exp. Cell Res. 97, 297–303 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Retief, A.E., Rüchel, R.: Histones removed by fixation: Their role in the mechanism of chromosome banding. Exp. Cell Res. 106, 233–237 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, E.S.: The use of lead citrate at high pH as an electron-opaque stain in electron microscopy. J. Cell Biol. 17, 208–213 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruzicka, F., Schwarzacker, H.G.: The ultrastructure of human mitotic chromosomes and interphase nuclei treated by Giemsa banding techniques. Chromosoma (Berl.) 46, 443–454 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sivak, A., Wolman, S.R.: Chromosomal proteins in fixed metaphase cells. Histochemistry 42, 345–349 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Stubblfield, E., Wray, W.: Architecture of Chinese hamster metaphase chromosomes. Chromosoma (Berl.) 32, 262–294 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, J.H.: Replication of DNA in chromosomes. In: Molecular genetics, part I (J.H. Taylor, ed.), pp. 65–111. New York: Academic Press 1963

    Google Scholar 

  • Yunis, J.J.: High resolution of human chromosomes. Science 191, 1268–1270 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yunis, J.J., Chandler, M.E.: High resolution chromosome analysis in clinical medicine. Progr. Clinical Pathol. (M. Stefanini and A. Hossaini, eds.) vol. 7, pp. 267–288. New York: Grune and Stratton 1977

    Google Scholar 

  • Yunis, J.J., Sawyer, J.R., Ball, D.W.: The characterization of high resolution G-banded chromosomes of man. Chromosoma (Berl.) 67, 293–307 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hozier, J.C., Furcht, L.T. & Wendelshafer-Grabb, G. Structure of human chromosomes visualized at the electron microscopic level. Chromosoma 82, 55–64 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00285749

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00285749

Keywords

Navigation