Summary
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens N produces two restriction enzymes, BamNI and BamNx. Subtilis-phage ϕ1 is strongly restricted by BamNx. We isolated ϕ1 rH, a mutant of phage ϕ1, which overcame the BamNx-restriction by producing inhibitor. This inhibitor inactivated BamNx specifically and reversibly. The inhibitor directly interacted with BamNx and the inactivation might be the result of formation of a binary complex. The inhibitory activity was sensitive to treatment with trypsin. The molecular weight of the inhibitor protein was estimated to be approximately 20,000 daltons by gel filtration.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arber W (1974) DNA modification and restriction. In: Cohen WE (ed) Prog Nucleic Acid Res Molec Biol, vol 14. Academic Press, New York, p 1
Behrens B, Lüder G, Behncke M, Trautner TA, Ganesan AT (1979) The genome of B. subtilis phage SPP1, physical arrangement of phage genes. Mol Gen Genet 175:351–357
Boyer HW (1971) DNA restriction and modification mechanisms in bacteria. Annu Rev Microbiol 25:153–176
Brunel F, Davison J (1979) Restriction insensitivity in bacteriophage T5; III. Characterization of EcoRI-sensitive mutants by restriction analysis. J Mol Biol 128:527–543
Eskin B, Lautenberger JA, Linn S (1973) Host-controlled modification and restriction of bacteriophage T7 by Escherichia coli B. J Virol 11:1020–1023
Greene PJ, Heyneker HL, Bolivar F, Rodriguez RL, Betlach MC, Covarrubias AA, Backman K, Russel DJ, Tait R, Boyer HW (1978) A general method for the purification of restriction enzymes. Nucleic Acids Res 5:2373–2380
Hemphill HE, Whiteley HR (1975) Bacteriophages of Bacillus subtilis. Bacteriol Rev 39:257–315
Ikawa S, Shibata T, Ando T,(1979) Recognition sequence of endonuclease R. BamNx from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens N. Agric Biol Chem 43:873–875
Ikawa S, Shibata T, Ando T, Saito H (1980) Genetic studies on site-specific endodeoxyribonucleases in Bacillus subtilis. Multiple modification and restriction systems in transformants of Bacillus subtilis 168. Mol Gen Genet 177:359–368
Ito J, Spizizen J (1971) Abortive infection of sporulating Bacillus subtilis 168 by ϕ2 bacteriophage. J Virol 7:515–523
Kawamura F, Saito H, Ikeda Y, Ito J (1979) Viable deletion mutants of Bacillus subtilis phage ρ11. J Gen Appl Microbiol 25:223–236
Loening UE (1968) Molecular weights of ribosomal RNA in relation to evolution. J Mol Biol 38:355–365
Makino O, Kawamura F, Saito H, Ikeda Y (1979) Inactivation of restriction endonuclease BamNx after infection with phage ϕNR2. Nature 277:64–66
Reilly BE, Spizizen J (1965) Bacteriophage deoxyribonucleate infection of competent Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 89:782–790
Roberts RJ (1976) Restriction endonucleases. In: CRC Crit. Rev Biochem 123–164 (November)
Rutberg L (1969) Mapping of a temperate bacteriophage active on Bacillus subtilis. J Virol 3:38–44
Saito H, Shibata T, Ando T (1979) Mapping of genes determining nonpermissiveness and host-specific restriction to bacteriophages in Bacillus subtilis marburg. Mol Gen Genet 170:117–122
Shibata T, Ando T (1974) Host controlled modification and restriction in Bacillus subtilis. Mol Gen Genet 131:275–280
Shibata T, Ando T (1975) In vitro modification and restriction of phage ϕ105C DNA with Bacillus subtilis N cell-free extract. Mol Gen Genet 138:269–279
Shibata T, Ando T (1976) The restriction endonucleases in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens N strain. Substrate specificities. Biochim Biophys Acta 442:184–196
Shibata T, Ikawa S, Komatsu Y, Ando T, Saito H (1979) Introduction of host-controlled modification and restriction systems of Bacillus subtilis IAM 1247 into Bacillus subtilis 168. J Bacteriol 139:308–310
Spoerel N, Herrlich P, Bickle TA (1979) A novel bacteriophage defence mechanism: the anti-restriction protein. Nature 278:30–34
Studier FW, Movva NR (1976) SMAase gene of bacteriophage T3 is responsible for overcoming host restriction. J Virol 19:136–145
Sutcliffe JG, Church GM (1978) The cleavage site of the restriction endonuclease AvaII. Nucleic Acids Res 5:2313–2319
Toussaint A (1976) The DNA modification function of temperate phage Mu-1. Virology 70:17–27
Wagner EF, Auer B, Schweiger M (1979) Development of Escherichia coli virus T1: escape from host restriction. J Virol 29:1229–1231
Wilson GA, Young FE (1975) Isolation of a sequence-specific endonuclease (BamI) from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H. J Mol Biol 97:123–125
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by W. Arber
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Makino, O., Saito, H. & Ando, T. Bacillus subtilis-phage φ1 overcomes host-controlled restriction by producing BamNx inhibitor protein. Molec. Gen. Genet. 179, 463–468 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00271735
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00271735